自主办学制度的历史、现状与展望——基于《高等教育法》的分析  

The History,Present Situation and Prospect of the System of Autonomous Running of Schools——An Analysis Based on Chinese Higher Education Law

作　　者：黄宇骁 HUANG Yuxiao(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2018年第4期38-45,共8页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目"高校行政与学术权力的运行机制研究"[BIA100081];北京市"十一五"规划教育科学重点课题"高等学校办学自主权与大学法人治理结构"[ADA10097]

摘　　要：我国高校自主办学经历了由政策措施转变为法律制度的历史过程,规范用语从一开始的有权事项、自行事项演变为自主事项并固定在《高等教育法》中。自主办学是科研自由这项主观权利的客观制度保障,而办学自主权是自主办学这项客观制度所衍生的主观权利。我国学界存在办学自主权法律性质的争论。经严格法解释学方法的分析可以看出,办学自主权并非国家权力的放权也非固有自治权利的表述,而是一种排除法律一般规定适用的优先权。高校在自主事项上与政府的法律关系依赖法律条文的逐条个别解释。《高等教育法》中自主办学制度的规定目前存在条款模糊性、亟待与其他法律衔接和融合、内部治理规范缺乏、需要呼应国家高等教育改革政策等四方面的问题,亟待今后修改。The autonomous running colleges and universities in China have undergone a historical process from policy measures to legal systems. Normative terms evolve from the very beginning of power matters and self matters to autonomy matters, and fixed in Chinese Higher Education Law. Autonomous running schools is the objective system guarantee of the subjective right of scientific research freedom, and the autonomy of running schools is a subjective right derived from the objective system of the autonomous running schools. There is debate about the legal nature of the autonomy of running schools in aeadenfie circles in China. Through an analysis of the strict method of legal hermeneuties, it can be seen that the autonomy of running schools is not the expression of the decentralization of state power or the right of inherent autonomy, but a priority to exclude the application of the general law. The legal relationship between uni- versities and government in autonomy matters depends on the individual interpretation of legal provisions. The system of the autonomous running schools in Chinese Higher Education Law has four problems, such as the fuzziness of terms, the need to converge and integrate other laws, the lack of internal governance norms and the need to respond to the reform policies of national higher education. These problems need to be revised in the future.

关 键 词：自主办学 科研自由 《高等教育法》 大学治理 依法治校 

分 类 号：G647.1[文化科学—高等教育学]