天基太赫兹云雷达需求指标分析与论证  

Requirements Index Analysis and Demonstration of Spaceborne Terahertz Cloud Measuring Radar

作　　者：商建[1] 吴琼[1] 窦芳丽[1] 安大伟[1] Shang Jian;Wu Qiong;Dou Fangli;An Dawei(National Satellite Meteorological Center,CMA,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2018年第1期125-131,共7页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国防科工局民用航天技术预先研究项目子课题(201402KY140);国防科工局民用航天专业技术预先研究项目(D040110);清华大学项目(412412)资助

摘　　要：云对大气起着重要的动力和热力作用,对地球能量平衡、气候变化及天气演变具有重要影响,但云是全球气候模型中最重要的也是最难确定的气象要素之一。太赫兹(Terahertz,THz)波是介于微波和红外辐射的电磁波,具有方向性好、能效高、可全天候工作、对云系微物理结构有更高的灵敏度等优点。天基云雷达是测量全球尺度云的有效手段,它能够直接测量云的三维结构,还可以为被动微波遥感测量提供订正参考,目前天基雷达是获取全球云的垂直运动、粒子相态和中尺度物理结构等信息的唯一设备。综合太赫兹波与雷达探测的优势,采用天基太赫兹雷达进行云雾探测,能够获得目前其他技术手段无法获得的独特信息。从应用需求的角度,综合考虑探测目标的垂直与水平分布特性、目标测量所受的杂波干扰、测量精度、分辨率拖影、天线尺寸和衰减等方面的要求,对天基太赫兹测云雷达的探测频段、灵敏度、分辨率、扫描范围、探测距离等重要需求指标进行分析论证,给出合理的需求指标,推进国内天基太赫兹测云雷达的开发建设及应用,为主动遥感气象探测增加一支生力军。Cloud plays an important role in atmospheric dynamic and thermal activities,which has significant effects on the earth＇s energy balance,climate change and weather variations. But cloud is one of the most important and most difficult to determine elements in global climate model. Terahertz（THz）band lies between microwave band and infrared band,which has many advantages such as good directionality,high energy efficiency,all-weather working ability and high sensitivity to cloud microphysics structure. Spaceborne cloud measuring radar is an effective way measuring global cloud,which can directly measure the three-dimensional structure of cloud and provide revised reference for passive microwave remote sensing measurement. Spaceborne radar is currently the only equipment could obtain the vertical movement,particle phase and mesoscale physical structure of global cloud. Spaceborneterahertz radar combining the advantage of terahertz band and radar detection used in cloud and fog detection can obtain unique information that cannot be acquired by other current technical means. The important requirements index of spaceborneterahertz cloud measuring radar,including frequency range,sensitivity,resolution,scanning range and observation distance,are analyzed and demonstrated in terms of application requirements,comprehensive considering the vertical and horizontal distribution characteristics of targets,clutter jamming,measuring accuracy,resolution smear,antenna size,attenuation,and so on. The proper requirements index is provided and it is hoped to promote the development and application of domestic terahertz cloud radar,and add a new member of active remote sensing meteorological detection.

关 键 词：太赫兹 测云雷达 需求指标分析 

分 类 号：TN957.51[电子电信—信号与信息处理]