崂山湾人工礁区大型底栖海藻时空格局及对环境变化的响应  

Spatial-temporal variations of benthic macroalgae and their responses to variations in the environment in the artificial reef zones of Laoshan Bay

作　　者：杨晓龙[1] 吕洪斌 胡成业[1] 张秀梅[1,2] YANG Xiaolong;LYU Hongbin;HU Chengye;ZHANG Xiumei(Key Laboratory of Mariculture,Ministry of Education;Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;2.Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2018年第3期642-653,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(201405010)

摘　　要：2015年5—9月对青岛崂山湾两个人工礁区大型底栖海藻的水平和垂直分布特征进行了调查,初步探明了两个人工礁区大型底栖海藻的群落特征、月际更替规律及其对环境因子的响应。结果表明,崂山湾两个人工礁区内及礁区间不同水深的水流强度差异极显著,不同月份温度差异显著;调查期间共采集到大型底栖海藻26种,隶属于3门17科21属,其中红藻15种,褐藻7种,绿藻4种,分别占总种类数的57.69%、26.92%和15.38%;不同月份的大型底栖海藻种类更替差异显著,酸藻(Desmarestia viridis)、金膜藻(Chrysymenia wrightii)和扁江蓠(Gracilaria textorii)分别是春季、夏季和秋季的第一优势种;大型底栖藻类群落的物种多样性指数呈先升高后降低趋势,且三亩前礁区多样性指数普遍高于黄山口礁区,温度变化是造成不同月份物种多样性指数和优势种变化的主要原因。冗余分析(RDA)排序结果显示,温度是影响大型底栖藻类月际更替的主要因素,对变量的解释率达到37.64%;水流强度和水深是影响大型底栖藻类水平和垂直分布的主要环境因子,对变量的解释率分别为26.54%和19.13%。研究结果表明,崂山湾人工鱼礁为大型底栖海藻提供了良好的附着基;礁区建成5年后大型底栖海藻群落已经发展至顶级群落,群落的季节更替较稳定,具有一定抵御外界干扰的能力。Benthic macroalgae are highly productive and increase biodiversity through the provision of a habitat for marine organisms and act as spawning,nursery,and feeding grounds for an extensive range of marine fauna.As a dominant habitat-former on temperate rocky coastlines,benthic macroalgae are important fundamental species in the temperate marine climate owing to their high productivity and extensive distribution.However,the loss of benthic macroalgal habitats has been widespread along the rocky coastlines owing to various perturbations,including climate change,species invasion,sedimentation increase,and anthropogenic stress.The establishment of artificial reefs have been proven an efficient approach for the recovery of the benthic macroalgae ecosystem.For the past three decades,the habitats of benthic macroalgae in Laoshan Bay of Qingdao have been destroyed by anthropogenic activities such as mariculture and fisheries.To mitigate the habitat losses of benthic macroalgae and restore the spawning grounds,artificial rocky reefs were deployed in two coastal areas,Huangshankou,which has high levels of wave motion and Sanmuqian,which has low levels of wave motion,between 2009 and 2010.After the deployment of artificial reefs,the marine habitats underwent a long-term and dynamic process prior to the formation of stable ecosystems.The inter-month variation and distributional pattern of benthic macroalgal communities were a reflection of the self-adaption of the ecosystem to the changing conditions.To study the community characteristics,inter-monthly variation,and response to the environmental factors of benthic macroalgae in the artificial reef zones,the horizontal and vertical distribution of the benthic macroalgae in two artificial reef zones were investigated between May and September 2015.Wave motion indexes between the two artificial reef zones showed extremely significant differences,whereas similar conditions were found among different wave depths in the same artificial reef zones.The temperature range between May a

关 键 词：崂山湾 大型底栖海藻 人工鱼礁 水流强度 月际动态 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]