福建四种乔木树种燃烧释放污染物排放因子研究  

Emission Factors of Pollutants Released from Burning of Four Tree Species of Fujian Province

作　　者：宋禹辉[1] 杨夏捷 彭徐剑[3] 郭福涛[2] Song Yuhui;Yang Xiajie;Peng Xujian;Guo Futao(College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002;College of Forestry,FujianAgriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002;Nanjing Forest Police College,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院,福州350002 [2]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [3]南京森林警察学院消防学院,南京210023

出　　处：《森林工程》2018年第3期26-31,共6页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31770697)

摘　　要：福建位于我国亚热带地区,其林火发生频率高且强度低;导致大量污染物释放,对大气环境和森林生态系统产生不良影响。本研究通过自主设计的室内模拟实验,实测福建省杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、桉树(Eucalyptus robusta)和樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)四种主要乔木树种不同器官(叶和枝)燃烧时CO、CO_2、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM2.5等污染物的排放因子,并分析不同树种及不同器官之间污染物排放强度的差异性。结果表明,不同乔木树种的不同器官在燃烧时释放各污染物的平均排放因子范围分别为:CO为102.88~116.10 g/kg;CO_2为814.50~1 212.57 g/kg;NO_x为0.52~3.47 g/kg;C_xH_y为20.84~61.87 g/kg;PM2.5为5.34~14.61g/kg。此外,不同树种枝的排放因子之间也存在显著性差异。其中桉树枝燃烧释放的含碳气体排放因子显著高于其它树种,而马尾松枝燃烧时释放的氮氧化物和PM2.5排放因子最高。阔叶树的枝和叶燃烧时释放的CO显著高于针叶树,而PM2.5的排放则显著低于针叶树。研究揭示了福建主要乔木树种不同器官的燃烧释放污染物特性,为区域生态环境评价提供依据。Fujian is located in subtropical China with high frequency and low intensity of forest fires which results in numerous of pollutants, significandy impacting the atmosphere environment and ecosystems. In this study, the emission factors of CO, GO2, NOx, CxHy and PM2.5 from leaves and branches burning of four main tree species of Fujian Province （Cunninghamia Lanceolata、Pinus massoniana、Eucalyptus robusta Smithand and Cinnamomum camphora） were measured by a self-designed indoor simulation experiments. The variation in emission factors of pollutants between different species were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the average emission factors of different organs released by different tree species during combustion were as follows： CO： 102.88-116.10 g/kg; CO2： 814.50~1212.57 g/kg; NOx： 0.52-3.74 g/kg; CxHy： 20.84~61.87 g/kg; PM2.5： 5.34~14.61 g/kg. In addition, the emission factors of branches between different tree species have significant differences. Among them, Eucalyptus branch released the most carbonaceous gas compared to other species, while Pinus massoniana had the highest emission factors of NOx and PM2.5. CO released from branches and leaves of broad-leaved trees was significantly higher than that of coniferous trees, while PM2.5 emission was significantly lower than that of coniferous trees. The study revealed the emission characteristics of pollutants from main arbor species in Fujian Province,and contributed to the assessment of regional ecological environment.

关 键 词：细小颗粒物 排放特性 杉木 燃烧特性 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]