太湖、巢湖、滇池水华与相关气象、水质因子及其响应的比较(1981-2015年)  

Comparison of algal bloom related meteorological and water quality factors and algal bloom conditions among Lakes Taihu,Chaohu,and Dianchi(1981-2015)

作　　者：王菁晗 何吕奇姝 杨成 刀国华 杜劲松 韩亚平 吴光学 吴乾元 胡洪营 WANG Jinghan;HE Lvqishu;YANG Cheng;DAO Guohua;DU Jingsong;HAN Yaping;WU Guan-gxue;WU Qianyuan;HU Hongying(： School of Life Science and Biotechnology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,P.R.China;： Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control（SMARC）,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Belling 100084,P.R.China;： Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Graduate School at Shenzhen,Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055,P.R.China;： Kunming Dianchi Ecological Research Institute,Kunming 650228,P.R.China;： Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen lnstitu re,Shenzhen 518055,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学生命科学与技术学院,大连116023 [2]清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,北京100084 [3]清华大学深圳研究生院,深圳市环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室,深圳518055 [4]昆明市滇池生态研究所,昆明650228 [5]清华-伯克利深圳学院,环境与新能源技术工程实验室,深圳518055

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2018年第4期897-906,共10页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(21521064); 中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M591188)联合资助

摘　　要：比较了太湖、巢湖、滇池("三湖")1981—2010年间的气象要素,1987—2015年间的水质要素,2000—2013年间的年内水华起始日期与持续时间,以及与水华相关的已有研究情况.其中,气象要素包括气温、日温差、风速、风向、气压、降水、相对湿度等;水质要素包括水温、总氮浓度、总磷浓度、水体综合营养指数等.对比结果表明,云贵高原湖泊滇池因其冬、春季节气温较高且日温差较大等气象特征,以及总磷浓度较高等水质特征,相比于东部平原湖泊太湖、巢湖而言更易发生水华,且在"三湖"中水华年内起始日期最早,持续时间最长.然而,目前有关滇池水华的研究相对于"三湖"中的太湖却远远不足.鉴于滇池所处湖区的独特气象、水质特征,平原水华湖泊的研究结果难以有针对性地指导其水华控制,亟需提高滇池水华研究的系统性与深度.只有因地制宜,方有希望逐步有效控制、减轻、乃至消除滇池水华.Meteorological factors（ from 1981 to 2010）,water quality parameters（ from 1987 to 2015）,yearly initial date and duration of algal bloom（ from 2000 to 2013）,and research situation on algal bloom among the most eutrophic large lakes in China,including Lakes Dianchi,Taihu,and Chaohu,were compared in this paper. For meteorological factors,we included air temperature,diurnal air temperature difference,wind velocity,wind direction,atmospheric pressure,precipitation,and relative humidity.For water quality parameters,we focused on water temperature,total nitrogen concentration,total phosphorus concentration,and trophic status index. Results indicated that,Lake Dianchi in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has higherliability of algal bloom than that in Lakes Taihu and Chaohu,because of its meteorological characteristics including but not limited to warmer winter and spring,and larger diurnal air temperature differences during these seasons,and its water quality characteristics involving higher total phosphorous concentration. Earlier initial date of algal bloom and longer duration than the other two lakes from 2000 to 2013 proved the higher severity of algal bloom in Lake Dianchi and implied its requirement for more research attention. Investigation results on existing research situations concerning algal bloom issues among Lakes Dianchi,Taihu,and Chaohu,on the other hand,are quite disappointing. Publications on algal bloom in Lake Dianchi are much fewer than those targeted at Lake Taihu. Taking into consideration the unique meteorological and water quality characteristics of the plateau-located lake,research experience gained from flatland-located lakes cannot be applied for effective algal bloom control in Lake Dianchi,therefore,more comprehensive and in-depth research on algal bloom regarding this specific lake is required from now on,in order to truly stepwise realize the control,alleviation,and hopefully final elimination of algal bloom in Lake Dianchi.

关 键 词：水华 蓝藻 气象 水质 滇池 太湖 巢湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]