犯罪条件论  

On Theory of Criminal Conditions

作　　者：董士昙[1] DONG Shitan(Shandong Police College,Jinan,Shandong 250014)

机构地区：[1]山东警察学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东警察学院学报》2018年第4期94-104,共11页Journal of Shandong Police College

摘　　要：犯罪条件是犯罪学的一个重要范畴,是犯罪发生的必要条件。控制犯罪发生的条件同预防犯罪产生的原因几乎具有同等重要的价值,二者构成了犯罪防控的主要内容。其中,社会预防关注的是犯罪的产生机制,本质上是消除行为人的反社会人格;条件控制关注的是犯罪行为的发生过程,本质上是遏止行为人犯罪动机的外化。将犯罪条件纳入犯罪原因结构体系,清晰了犯罪社会预防与条件控制的关系,明确了犯罪防控目标和犯罪治理走向。一方面,打破了传统犯罪原因论的结构层次,丰富和完善了犯罪学的罪因结构体系,实现了"犯罪原因与犯罪社会预防、犯罪行为与犯罪条件控制"的有效对接;另一方面,打开了一条理论通往实践的更具操作性的路径,有效弥合了犯罪预防中"宏观"与"微观"、"战略"与"战术"、"治标"与"治本"、"虚"与"实"的裂痕,由此终结了亦步亦趋对接传统犯罪学犯罪预防范式的单向性学术传统,犯罪多元化治理体系得以确立。但社会预防与条件控制毕竟是两种不同性质的犯罪治理方式:一个治本,一个治标。因此,二者应有机结合,不可偏废。Criminal condition is an important category of criminology and a necessary condition for the occurrence of crimes. The conditions for controlling crime are almost equally important with causes of crime prevention,and they constitute the main content of crime prevention and control. Social prevention focuses on generation mechanism of crime,eliminating actor＇s anti-social personality essentially; condition control is centered by the occurrence of criminal acts,restraining externalization of actor＇s criminal motive in essence.Criminal condition is incorporated into criminal cause structure system for the purpose of clarifying the relationship between social prevention and condition control as well as goal and direction of crime prevention and control. However,social prevention and condition control are two different kinds of crime management methods： one is to cure the root causes and the other one is to cure the symptoms. So both of them should not be ignored and should be combined organically.

关 键 词：犯罪条件 犯罪原因 条件预防 社会预防 环境犯罪学 

分 类 号：D917[政治法律—法学]