旱薄地甘薯除草剂与地膜覆盖配套栽培效应探讨  

Sweetpotato Cultivation in Poor Dryland:By Herbicides Plus Plastic Film

作　　者：胡启国 王文静 储凤丽 张艳 刘亚军 杨爱梅 Hu Qiguo;Wang Wenjing;Chu Fengli;Zhang Yan;Liu Yajun;Yang Aimei(Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu Henan 47600)

机构地区：[1]河南省商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第16期126-130,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目"国家甘薯产业技术体系商丘综合试验站"(CARS-11-C-12)

摘　　要：为探讨旱薄地甘薯除草剂与地膜覆盖配套栽培效应,选用33%二甲戊乐灵、96%精异丙甲草胺乳油、50%乙草胺乳油3种除草剂,结合地膜覆盖栽培进行旱薄地甘薯杂草防除和增产试验。结果表明,采用化学除草剂配套覆膜栽培法的6个处理平均鲜薯产量和薯干产量分别较对照增加3.79、4倍,平均茎叶产量较对照增加0.9倍。其中,以透明膜+33%二甲戊乐灵4500 m L/hm^2处理最为理想,30、45天杂草株防效分别为87.33%、85.33%;45天、收获期草重防效93.98%、88.1%;鲜薯产量为30300 kg/hm^2,较对照增加7.1倍;薯干产量为9999 kg/hm^2,较对照增加7.6倍;茎叶产量为25200 kg/hm^2,较对照增加2.7倍。综合试验结果可知,旱薄地不采取农艺措施粗放式甘薯种植效益低下,采用栽前喷施除草剂与地膜覆盖配套栽培法能有效防除杂草,提高地温,促苗早发,保水保肥,节省劳力,实现增产、增效的目的,以二甲戊乐灵+透明地膜栽培法尤为突出,建议推广。To study the effect of sweetpotato cultivation by herbicides combined with plastic films, threeherbicides, including 33% pendimethalin EC, 96% metolachlor EC and 50% acetochlor EC, are combined withmulching to control weed and increase yield in sweetpotato cultivation in poor dryland. The results showed thatthe average fresh tuber yield and dry yield of six treatments increased by 3.79 and 4 times, respectively,compared with CK, and the average stem leaf yield increased by 0.9 times. Among these treatments, the effectof 33% pendimethalin 4500 m L/hm^2 with transparent film was the best; after 30 days and 45 days, the controlefficacy on weeds were 87.33% and 85.33%; after 45 days and in the harvest time, the fresh mass efficacyreached 93.98% and 88.1%, respectively. The fresh tuber yield was 30300 kg/hm^2, increased by 7 timescompared with CK, the dry yield was 9999 kg/hm^2, increased by 7.6 times and stem leaf yield was 25200 kg/hm^2,increased by 2.7 times. In conclusion, sweetpotato planting benefit is low in poor dryland without takingagronomic measures, spraying herbicides combined with mulching before planting can effectively controlweeds, improve soil temperature, promote seedling growth, fertilizer and water conservation, save labor,increase production, achieve the purpose of efficiency. The adoption of pendimethalin with transparent filmshould be widely promoted for its best effect.

关 键 词：甘薯 旱薄地 除草剂 覆膜 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]