基于脉动燃烧技术的土壤消毒蒸汽发生装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Soil Disinfection Steam Generator Based on Pulse Combustion Technology

作　　者：潘四普 周宏平[1] 蒋雪松[1] 陈青[1] 李萍萍 PAN Sipu;ZHOU Hongping;JIANG Xuesong;CHEN Qing;LI Pingping(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Biology and Environment,Nanfing Forestry University,Nanfing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学机械电子工程学院,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第8期301-307,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD08B04);江苏省研究生培养创新工程项目(KYLX15_0899)

摘　　要：为解决设施园艺土壤蒸汽消毒的蒸汽来源问题,设计了基于脉动燃烧技术的蒸汽发生装置。该装置主要由脉动燃烧发动机和锅体两部分组成,脉动燃烧发动机作为热源,其主体浸没在锅体内部水中。通过功率计算,在饱和蒸汽压力为0.6 MPa条件下满足130 kg/h蒸汽产量需要功率107.12 k W,8组脉动燃烧发动机可以满足功率需求。设计了双化油器脉动燃烧发动机,两只化油器同时进油、进气,通过"Y"型喉管连接,燃烧室呈圆柱形,尾管由3根螺旋管并联组成。试验结果表明,脉动燃烧发动机在空气中和水中均具有良好的启动性和工作稳定性,在空气中工作频率保持在90.80~90.89 Hz之间,平均频率90.86 Hz,在水中工作频率保持在87.27~87.81 Hz之间,平均频率为87.51 Hz。额定工况和非额定工况下,蒸汽发生装置热效率分别为95.5%、95.8%。额定工况下蒸汽产量150 kg/h、油耗9.7 kg/h、功率110.8 k W、尾气温度108℃、过量空气系数1.026,满足土壤蒸汽消毒蒸汽量的要求。Protected horticulture industry has developed rapidly in China in recent years. With the continuous development,a series of problems have arisen,which resulted in a huge loss in protected horticulture industry. For example, simplifying varieties, high multiple crop index and fertilizer overspending can lead to terrible results on the soil,like salts accumulation,disorder of soil physical and chemical properties,soil-born disease and insects,autotoxicity of crops,and so on,which called continuous cropping obstacle. The preferred manner to deal with continuous cropping obstacle is soil steam disinfection because of its great advantages compared with chemical disinfection. For example,with high temperature steam as disinfection medium,it can ensure that no pesticide residue on food.Besides,it can also effectively regulate soil physical and chemical properties,improve soil respiration ability and prevent soil hardening. To solve the problem of steam supply in soil steam disinfestation,a steam generator based on pulse combustion technology was designed. The power of 107. 12 k W was needed when the yield of the steam generator was 130 kg/h with the pressure of 0. 6 MPa. It was mainly composed of two parts： the pulse combustion engine and the pot body. The steam generator utilized four pulse combustion engines which worked in parallel,and the main parts were immersed in the water in the pot body. Each pulse combustion utilized two carburetors for oil and air supply,which were connected to combustion chamber with ＂Y＂-shaped throat. Three helical tubes worked in parallel as tailpipe. Fins were adhered to the inner wall of decoupling chamber,and angel steel was adhered to the outer wall.Experiment results showed that the pulse combustion engine had great start-up performance and working stability both in the air and water. The working frequency was tested both in the air and water. The working frequency of pulse combustion engine in the air was kept between 90. 80 Hz and 90. 89 Hz,andthe average frequency was 90. 86

关 键 词：设施园艺 土壤 蒸汽消毒 脉动燃烧 热效率 

分 类 号：S497[农业科学—植物保护]