晚清租界的早期发展与领事裁判权问题由来  

The Early Development of Foreign Concessions in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Origins of Consular Jurisdiction

作　　者：曹雯 CAO Wen(The Institute of Qing History,Renmin university of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所

出　　处：《清史研究》2018年第3期107-119,共13页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：晚清以降,因租界的存在,中国逐渐被冠以半殖民地性质。不过,外国人租界自觉与中国人街区分离,其实是广州十三行旧商馆运作方式的一种延续,但在鸦片战争后其性质逐渐发生变化,即外国人接受甚至开始珍惜这种被孤立的状态,在借用条约将其独立状态合法化后,开始不断将中国应有的法权从租界排挤出去,直至他们在租界内拥有绝对的法权,昔日的黄金圈住地演变成了专属特权地,成为中国人敌视的目标。最初的租界并不是作为殖民地诞生的,租界发展成为具有殖民地性质的特别区域自有其过程。Because of the existence of foreign concessions during the late Qing dynasty, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. However, the separation between foreign concessions and Chinese communities was in fact an outgrowth of the mode through which the thirteen hong merchants dealt with foreign traders under the Canton system. The significance of the separation of foreign and Chinese communities changed after the Opium War. Foreigners accepted and even cherished the status of being isolated from Chinese communities. After foreigners legalized their isolation and independence in China in accordance with treaty provisions, they continuously excluded Chinese legal rights and finally enjoyed absolute jurisdiction in the foreign concession areas. Therefore, the ＂golden enclosure＂ of the past became a specially privileged territory. The foreign concessions were thus despised by Chinese. It is worth noting that the foreign concessions were originally not colonies. Concessions experienced a process through which they became special colonial areas. This article aims to describe and analyze this process.

关 键 词：十三行商馆 租界 晚清 

分 类 号：K254.3[历史地理—历史学]