喷雾助剂在烟嘧磺隆减量化防治玉米田杂草中的应用研究  

Application of Nicosulfuron with Spray Adjuvant in Dose-reduced Chemical Control of Weeds in Maize Field

作　　者：刘小民[1] 许贤[1] 李秉华[1] 姚晓霞 张焕焕[1] 王贵启[1] LIU Xiao-min;XU Xian;LI Bing-hua;YAO Xiao-xia;ZHANG Huan-huan;WANG Gui-qi(Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035;Xingtai Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Xingtai 054000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄050035 [2]河北省邢台市农业科学研究院,河北邢台054000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2018年第4期156-161,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31501660);河北省农林科学院青年基金项目(A2015060103)

摘　　要：以表面张力、扩展直径、干燥时间和最大持液量为评价指标,测定植株油类喷雾助剂GY-Tmax、矿物油类助剂GY-T12及有机硅类助剂GY-S903喷雾助剂不同添加量对40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂药液物理性状的影响。结果表明,3种助剂均能显著降低其药液的表面张力,增加其扩展直径,GY-S903对其影响最大。3种助剂对药液的干燥时间和最大持液量的影响存在显著差异。添加0.25%～0.75%的GY-Tmax,在保证对玉米田杂草防治效果相当的情况下,烟嘧磺隆用量可减少50%;添加0.03%～0.07%的GY-S903及0.3%～0.6%的GY-T12可使烟嘧磺隆用量减少40%。在整个生育期内,未发现40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂30 g ai/hm^2添加喷雾助剂各处理对玉米的明显受害症状,烟嘧磺隆添加GY-Tmax较30 g ai/hm^2烟嘧磺隆增产6.6%～7.6%,增产作用最强。GY-S903对烟嘧磺隆的增产作用与GY-T12相当,较30 g ai/hm^2烟嘧磺隆处理分别增产4.3%～7.0%及3.9%～7.4%。In order to investigate the dose-reduced nicosulfuron control technology of weed in maize field, surface tension, expanded diameter, drying time and maximum retention were measured to value effects of GY-Tmax,GY-T12 and GY-S903 with different doses on physical characteristics of nicosulfuron. The results indicated that the three different spray adjuvants reduced the surface tension and expanded the diameter of nicosulfuron significantly. There were significant differences on the effects of drying time and maximum retention of nicosulfuron within the three adjuvants. While adding GY-S903, the drying time and maximum retention were reduced 76.6-90.0% and 10.9%-19.6%, respectively. The results of field trial showed that the application of nicosulfuron could be reduced by 50%, 40% and 40% after adding 0.25%-0.75% GY-Tmax, 0.03%-0.07% GY-S903 and 0.3%-0.6% GY-T12.30 g ai/ha nicosulfuron with different spray adjuvants showed no injury on maize. Compared with 30 g ai/ha nicosulfuron, adding GY-Tmax can increase the maize yield by 6.6%-7.6%. The yield increasing effects were almost the same between GY-S903 and GY-T12, which were 4.3%-7.0% and 3.9%-7.4%, respectively.

关 键 词：玉米 杂草防治 喷雾助剂 烟嘧磺隆 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]