遥感技术在城市洪涝模拟中的应用进展  

Review on applications of remote sensing in urban flood modeling

作　　者：徐宗学[1,2] 程涛 洪思扬[1,2] 王林霞 Zongxue Xu;Tao Cheng;Siyang Hong;Linxia Wang(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Spongy City Technology,Beijing 100875,China;Jinan Hvdroloev Bureau,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [3]济南市水文局,济南250014

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第21期2156-2166,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51579007);济南市海绵城市水循环演变与水文过程模拟项目;北京市科学技术委员会2017年度创新基地培育与发展专项(Z171100002217080)资助

摘　　要：对基于遥感的气象水文数据和地表信息在洪涝模拟中的应用进行了梳理综述,介绍了激光测高(Li DAR)、合成孔径雷达干涉测量(In SAR)技术以及倾斜摄影和高光谱遥感等目前使用较多且精度较高的遥感数据源及其相关应用,进一步对城市洪涝模拟中基于遥感的基础信息的相关热点技术和方法进行了总结.最后以实例阐述了基于遥感的城市洪涝模拟基础信息提取框架,并对遥感技术在城市洪涝模拟中的应用前景以及面临的问题与挑战进行了展望.Urban flooding is serious in China. More than 360 cities have suffered rainstorm floods from 2007 to 2013. Floods in Beijing, Guangzhou, Jinan, et al. have caused serious casualties. In recent years, sea-views in cities have repeated here and there, and rainstorm induced flood has gradually become a chronic illness in many large and medium-sized cities in China. Simulation model for floods is a key technology for urban flood control and land use planning, and play a crucial role in the construction of urban water conservancy projects and infrastructures such as urban drainage system and sponge city. With the continuous and rapid development of the economics and society, urban flood risk warning and management requires a higher demand on the efficiency and elaboration of flood simulation. Obviously, the degree of elaboration on flood simulation highly depends on the temporal and spatial resolution of the basic input data. Rainfall data with smaller time intervals will present more comprehensive rainfall characteristics and further reflect the characteristics of flood processes. Meanwhile, higher resolution terrain data can reflect subtle ground features of urban surface such as buildings, curbs, bridges, etc. By summarizing and analyzing the literature on the researches of hydrological modeling with the utilization of remote sensing data, the application of remote sensing data（including meteorological and hydrological data, and surface information based on remote sensing） in flood simulation is reviewed. Frequently used remote sensing data sources with relatively high precision such as LiD AR（light imaging, detection, and ranging）, InS AR（interferometric synthetic aperture radar）, oblique photography and hyperspectral remote sensing as well as their applications are presented. Advanced technologies and methods（airborne LiD AR and UAV Oblique Photography） producing basic remote sensing information used in urban flood modeling are presented. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the extraction f

关 键 词：遥感技术 城市洪涝模拟 气象水文数据 地表信息 基础数据 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] TU992[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]