医疗过错认定的基本原则和要求  

The basic principles and requirements of medical malpractice

作　　者：刘鑫 鲍冠一 Liu Xin;Bao Guanyi(China University of Political Science and Law）,Ministry of Education,Beijing,100088;Center for Health and Pharmaceutical Law and Ethics of China University of Political Science and Law（CUPL）,Beijing,100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,司法文明协同创新中心,医药法律与伦理研究中心,北京100088 [2]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2018年第3期215-220,共6页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点研究项目“医患关系视角下我国医事行为的伦理思考及法律规制研究”(编号15AZD065)

摘　　要：医疗损害赔偿责任纠纷是一类专业性极强的诉讼案件,没有医疗专业人员的参与,很难认定案件中的关键事实。在侵权责任构成要件中,过错是核心要件,没有过错不予赔偿是侵权责任承担的前提。在医疗损害赔偿案件中,医疗过错的认定一般需要启动医疗损害鉴定程序。但法律尚未明确规定医疗损害鉴定专家如何来认定医疗过错。《侵权责任法》第57条规定了"医务人员是否尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务",是认定医疗过错的基本依据,但是何为与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务,其与法理上所讲的注意义务是什么关系,实践中应当如何操作,这些问题在医疗损害鉴定实践中不是十分明确,导致鉴定人思路不清,凭感觉鉴定的情况大量存在。本文对医疗过错认定的基本原则、要求以及如何在鉴定过程中落实予以阐述。Dispute over liability for medical damages is a type of highly litigious litigation. Without the participation of medical professionals, it is difficult to identify the key facts in the cases. In the elements of the tort liability, fault is the core requirement, without fault without compensation is the precondition of tort liability. In the case of medical damages, the identification of medical malpractice generally requires the initiation of medical damage appraisal procedures. However, the law has not clearly stipulated how medical damage appraising experts can determine the medical malpractice. Article 57 of the Tort Liability Act stipulates that whether the medical staff have fulfilled the medical service obligation corresponding to the current medical level is the basic basis for the determination of medical fault. However, what is the medical service obligation corresponding to the current medical level？ what is its relationship with the legal duty of care？ How should it be conducted in practice？ these problems in the medical damage appraisal practice are not very clear, leading to the appraiser＇ s thinking is unclear, And a large number of subjective identifications exists. This article explains the basic principles and requirements of medical malpractice identification and how to implement it in the process of appraisal.

关 键 词：医疗损害 过错 规则体系 医疗侵权 鉴定 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]