从黑水城星曜曼荼罗看汉藏夏之间的文化勾连  

The Astral Mandala from Khara-Khoto Co-Constructed through Cultural Exchanges between Tangut,Tibet,and Inner China

作　　者：廖旸[1] LIAO Yang(Institute of Ethnology ＆ Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2018年第4期31-44,共14页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：中国社会科学院基础研究学者资助;国家社会科学基金重大项目"文物遗存;图像;文本与西藏艺术史构建"子课题"从噶当塔到吉祥多门塔--11至14世纪西藏佛塔研究"的阶段性研究成果(15ZDB120)

摘　　要：1931年,聂历山利用西夏文文献《圣星母中道法事供养根》,判定并阐释黑水城遗址发现的星曜曼荼罗。而该仪轨所据的根本文本之一当为《诸星母陀罗尼经》,从敦煌藏经洞所见大量汉藏文本到黑水城、武威等地陆续发现的西夏文异译本《圣曜母陀罗尼经》,提示该信仰在河西这个文化汇流的核心地带的重要性。对比西藏与内地的材料,重新解读西夏图像,对于汉、藏、夏等文化相互之间的关联,对于多维度的影响以及河西的自身创造,无疑会有更准确的认知。Relying on The Offering Ritual of the Holy Astral Mother of the Middle Way composed in the Tangut script excavated from Khara-Khoto for primary evidence, N.A.Nevsky successfully identified and explained the astral ma.n.dala from that same collection in 1931. The Grahamatr.kādhāranī is likely one of the sources of The Offering Ritual＇s content; this is a text whose religious importance in the Hexi region is suggested by numerous manuscripts of its Chinese or Tibetan translations from the Dunhuang Library Cave （Cave 17） while Tangut versions have successively been found in Khara-Khoto and Wuwei. Compared with similar materials from Tibet and the Hexi region, this Xixia mandala provides a valuable clue for the accurate evaluation of both the active cultural communication among the traditions of these disparate places and the contribution made by the local Hexi people.

关 键 词：西夏 黑水城 星曜曼荼罗 《诸星母/圣曜母陀罗尼经》 文化交流 星学 

分 类 号：K879.49[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] C956[历史地理—历史学]