潮湿环境史前考古土遗址模拟探方长期稳定性评价  

Evaluation on the Long-Term Stability of the Simulated Archaeological Tests of Pre-Historic Earthen Sites in Humid Environments

作　　者：王南[1] 张景科[1] 黄军朋 陈鹏飞[1] 郭青林[2] 孙满利[3] WANG Nan;ZHANG Jinke;HUANG Junpeng;CHEN Pengfei;GUO Qinglin;SUN Manli(Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China,The Ministry of Ecudation of China,College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000;National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang,Gansu 736200;School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi＇ an,Shaanxi 710069)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室土木工程与力学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2018年第4期124-130,共7页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51578272);甘肃省基础研究创新群体(145RJIF336)

摘　　要：潮湿环境史前考古土遗址探方长期稳定研究对于考古发掘、信息提取和展示具有重要意义。选择与良渚遗址类似环境下的试验场地——浙江省科技考古与文物保护技术研究试验基地,开展模拟探方开挖,运用温湿度计、沉降计、位移计、孔隙水压力计等设备开展探方的长期稳定性监测。数据分析结果表明:保护棚有效阻止了大气降水入侵并适度控制微环境;探方坑体沉降和坑壁侧向水平位移均随着时间呈现非线性增长;总体上,沿深度方向水平位移呈降低趋势;孔隙水压力随时间呈现波动变化,反映出粘土排水固结及孔隙水压力消散的过程。研究结果揭示模拟考古探方稳定性的时空效应,模拟考古探方稳定性的劣化过程,需要必要的力学稳定性控制措施;同时,探方坑壁土体干缩开裂对于信息判读的影响需深入研究。Archaeological research on the long-term stability of square test sites of pre-historic earthen sites in humid environments plays an important role in the extraction of cultural information and the excavation and exhibition of cultural relics. The Archaeometry and Conservation Technology For Cultural RelicsTest Base in Zhejiang Province was chosen to carry out simulated tests in environments similar to pre-historic sites at Liangzhou, the results of which suggest that the designed protection shed effectively prevents rain seepage and can provide significant control to management of the micro-environment. Both wall settlement and lateral wall displacement increases non-linearly with time and it was found that in general, lateral displacement decreases along the depth of test site. Pore pressure fluctuates around zero over time, which reflects the dispersal process when clay drains and consolidates, revealing that there is in fact a time versus space effect on the stability of the square test areas, the significance of which directly determines what reinforcement measures will be taken. Meanwhile, it has been noted as a matter of urgency that dry-shrinkage and cracking of soil mass in the side walls of the test sites have a severely negative impact on the collection of cultural information, a problem that will require further research.

关 键 词：史前考古土遗址 考古探方 稳定性监测 长期稳定性评价 

分 类 号：K878.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K854.3[历史地理—历史学]