北京城区居家养老老年人的生活质量及其影响因素  

Quality of life and its influencing factors in the elderly in urban areas of Beijing

作　　者：石劢[1] 陈屮[2] 陈禹[1] 林兵[1] 马小陶[1] 金江丽[3] SHI Mai1, CHEN Yu1, LIN Bing1, MA Xiao-tao1,CHEN Che2, JIN Jiang-li3(1 Department of Nutrition ; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory ;3Department of Cadre Ward, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中日友好医院营养科,北京市100029 [2]中日友好医院检验科,北京市100029 [3]中日友好医院高干医疗科,北京市100029

出　　处：《实用老年医学》2018年第7期639-642,共4页Practical Geriatrics

基　　金：国家卫生计生委保健局第五期保健课题(W2013BJ25)

摘　　要：目的评价北京城区居家养老老年人的生活质量(quality of life,QOL),并探索其影响因素。方法采用SF-36量表评价3894名居家老年人的QOL,同时调查人口社会学特征、生活习惯、疾病情况等信息。采用多元线性回归分析QOL的影响因素。结果居家老年人的QOL与中国一般人群相比,生理机能(physical functioning,PF)、生理职能(role physical,RP)、躯体疼痛(bodily pain,BP)、一般健康状况(general health,GH)、精力(vitality,VT)、社会功能(social functioning,SF)6个方面的评分均较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),精神健康(mental health,MH)评分高于一般人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与北京市养老机构老年人比较,居家老年人PF、RP、SF方面评分较高,BP、GH、VT、情感职能(role motional,RE)、MH方面的评分较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析显示,生理评分模型中慢病史、年龄、运动习惯、文化程度、性别、婚姻状况、家庭平均月收入7个因素纳入方程,该模型的整体拟合情况决定系数R2为0.134(P<0.001);心理评分模型中运动习惯、年龄、家庭人均月收入、慢病史、婚姻状况、文化程度、睡眠习惯、体质量指数8个因素纳入方程,该模型的整体拟合情况决定系数R2为0.076(P<0.001)。结论影响北京城区居家老年人QOL的因素是多方面的,应根据老年人的健康现状及其影响因素制定保健措施,以提高其生活质量。Objective To evaluate the quality of life（QOL） in the elderly in the urban areas of Beijing,and to explore the influencing factors. Methods SF-36 scale was used to evaluate the level of QOL of 3894 elderly people at home. At the same time,the sociological characteristics,living habits and diseases of the population were investigated. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of QOL. Results Compared with the general population,the elderly at home had lower scores of physiological function（PF）,role physical（RP）,bodily pain（BP）,general health（GH）,vitality（VT） and social function（SF）（P〈 0. 05）. The elderly at home had higher score of mental health（MH） than that of the general population（P〈 0. 05）. Compared with the elderly in Beijing pension institutions,the scores of PF,RP and SF were higher and the scores of BP,GH,VT,role motional（RE） and MH were lower in the elderly at home（P〈0. 001）. Multiple linear regression showed that 7 factors were included into the equation of physiological scoring model,containing chronic disease history,age,exercise habits,education level,gender,marital status,family average monthly income,and the model decision coefficient R2 was 0. 134（P〈0. 001）; There were 8 factors enrolled into the equation of psychological scoring model,containing exercise habits,age,family average monthly income,chronic disease history,marital status,education level,sleeping habits,body mass index,and the model decision coefficient R2 was 0. 076（P 〈0. 001）. Conclusions There are many factors influencing the QOL of the elderly in urban areas of Beijing. We should formulate health care measures according to the health status of the elderly and its influencing factors,in order to improve their QOL.

关 键 词：老年人 生活质量 SF-36 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]