“前”“后”的时间指向及时间认知的古今差异  

The Differences of “前/后” in Ancient and Modern Chinese on the Temporal Indication and Cognitive Modes

作　　者：何亮[1] He Liang(College of Literature,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学文学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期52-59,共8页Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Edition of Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大课题"功能-类型学取向的汉语语义演变研究"(14ZDB098);国家社会科学项目(西部项目)"汉语时空隐喻表达式的历时研究"(12XYY014)

摘　　要：认为"前""后"既表示过去又表示将来,是混淆了"前""后"的时空概念。"前""后"的空间或时间义与人们的关注焦点有关,也与其出现的句法环境、与之组合成分的语义特征有关。就时间指向而言,"前"均表示时间较早或顺序在先,"后"表示时间较晚或顺序在后。"前""后"所体现的时间认知方式古今并无不同。但是,在汉语史上,"前""后"所体现的"人动时静"认知方式的表达形式有一个由潜隐到显露的发展过程。That both ＂前＂ and ＂后＂ can represent the past and the future is a misunderstanding which confuses the space-time conception of these two words. It must be pointed out that the spatial or temporal significance of ＂前＂ and ＂后＂ is not only related to the focus of people＇s attention, but also related to the syntactic environment where they appeared semantic features of the components that they combine with. On the part of temporal indication, ＂前＂ means earlier in time or previous in order, on the contrary, ＂后＂ means later in time or behind in order. In terms of time, ＂前＂ and ＂后＂ reflect the same cognitive patterns in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. However, in the history of Chinese language, the expression of the cognitive mode—＂Time is stationary and ego （observer） move through it ＂embodied in ＂前＂ and ＂后＂ has a development process from hiding to obviousness.

关 键 词：前 后 时间指向 时空隐喻 语义特征 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]