四重处理模型下二语习得石化的认知成因研究  

An Analysis of Cognitive Causes of Fossilization in Second Language Acquisition Based on Quadruple Process Model

作　　者：王佳雨[1] 张奕[1] WANG Jiayu;ZHANG Yi(School of Foreign Languages,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi＇ an Shaanxi 710129,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学外国语学院,西安710129

出　　处：《成都理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期102-108,共7页Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Social Sciences

摘　　要：本文旨在从认知角度,借助Sherman et al.(2008)所提出的认知处理模型即四重处理模型分析二语习得石化现象的成因。研究发现,在六条可能导致石化的认知路径中,两种控制处理过程即觉察过程(Detection)和偏见克服过程(Overcoming Bias)的自动化程度决定了石化的正确与否。当学习者的觉察过程和偏见克服过程达到自动化后,无论激活过程(Activation)是否被触发,均有可能导致正确的石化现象。若激活过程与觉察过程均进入失败,信息输出则完全依赖于猜测过程(Guessing),而这一过程的长期触发可能导致低水平的石化现象。分析表明,认知是石化得以生效的源动力,其他成因均先作用于认知而后影响石化。This paper aims at analyzing cognitive causes of fossilization in second language acquisition with the help of Quadruple Process Model suggested by Sherman et al.（2008）.Six cognitive paths which maybe lead to fossilization show that the degrees of automation in ＂Detection＂and ＂Overcoming Bias＂,two controlled processes,determine the correctness of fossilization.Once these two are automatized,no matter whether ＂Activation＂is triggered or not,correct fossilization is formed.If there＇s no ＂Activation＂and ＂Detection＂fails,language outputs rely on ＂Guessing＂.However,frequentlytriggered＂Guessing＂may result in low-level fossilization.This paper indicates that cognition motivates fossilization,while other factors effect cognition first and fossilization later.

关 键 词：石化现象 四重处理模型 自动处理 控制处理 

分 类 号：H09[语言文字—语言学]