商事交易中违约金性质之辨析——兼论违约金在民法典分则中的编排  

Discrimination of Nature of Liquidated Damages in Commercial Transaction——Including Arrangement of Liquidated Damages in Civil Code Division

作　　者：刘永森 LIU Yong - sen(School of Law, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350,chin)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《太原学院学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期27-32,共6页Journal of Taiyuan University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：物债二分的私法体系下,违约金性质的确立不仅影响违约金的实践效应,也决定民法典分则的编排。性质是制度间区分的本质,惩罚性与补偿性违约金系制度内部的划分,非性质的界定。责任形式与担保方式之争乃违约金性质界定的应有之义。违约金对一般责任财产的依附性及具备的其他责任特性决定其应划归于民事责任范畴。我国现行法下,违约金不具有担保的规格,不可纳入物权体系中,应在民法典总则宣示性规定的前提下,细化于分则的合同法编。Under the private law system of real right and creditor＇s right,the definition of liquidated damages not only affects its practical effect but also determines arrangement of the civil code division. Nature is the essence that distinguishes systems. Punitive and systematic liquidated damages are the division within system. It＇s not defined by nature. The dispute between liability form and guarantee style is part of definition of liquidated damages. The attachment of liquidated damages to general responsible property and its other responsibilities determine that it should be divided into civil liability. Under the current law of China,liquidated damages can＇t guarantee and can＇t be included in the real right system. It should be elaborated in law of contract belonging to civil code division under the general provisions of civil law.

关 键 词：违约金 民法典 商事交易 债之担保 责任方式 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]