不同耐热性中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量差异分析  

Analysis of Differences in Milk Yield of Chinese Holstein Dairy Cows with Different Heat Resistance

作　　者：罗汉鹏 李源韬 刘嘉莉 徐伟[2] 张海亮[2] 董刚辉 李锡智 黄锡霞[1] 王雅春[1,2] LUO Hanpeng1,2 , LI Yuantao2 , LIU Jiali2 , XU Wei2 , ZHANG Hailiang2 , DONG Ganghui3 , LI Xizhi3 , HUANG Xixia1 , WANG Yachun1,2(1.College of Animal Science and Technology, XinJiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052, China; 2. College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 3. Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 100029, Chin)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [3]北京首农畜牧发展有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2018年第8期2263-2269,共7页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-36);现代农业产业技术体系北京市奶牛创新团队(BAIC06-2017);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R62)

摘　　要：本研究通过评定热应激条件下奶牛呼吸评分和流涎指数,将中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛划分为热应激耐受组(2 271头)和热应激易感组(2 024头),利用固定效应模型和混合效应模型考虑场、胎次和泌乳阶段等因素,比较热应激期奶牛直肠温度差异及奶牛在不同时期的产奶性能差异。结果表明,热应激耐受组奶牛直肠温度显著低于热应激易感组(P<0.05);在非热应激期(5月),热应激耐受奶牛与热应激易感奶牛的平均日产奶量接近,热应激耐受奶牛的较低(低0.68kg),但差异不显著(P>0.05);在热应激期(7~8月),两组奶牛产奶量均有下降,热应激耐受组奶牛平均日产奶量下降幅度(与5月相比)低于热应激易感组,尤其是在热应激最严重的8月(下降幅度分别为18.06%与23.01%)。以上试验结果表明,热应激环境下通过呼吸评分与流涎指数可有效判断奶牛的耐热性。本试验结果可为奶牛热应激反应评价及奶牛养殖过程中通过量化奶牛热应激反应,及时采取措施降低热应激的损失提供一定理论依据。In this study,Chinese Holstein lactating cows were assigned into two groups,namely heat stress tolerant cows（2 271 heads）and heat stress sensitive cows（2 024 heads）by respiratory and drooling score during heat stress period,and fixed model and mixed model including factors of farm,parity and milk stage were used to compare rectal temperature（RT）and milk production of these 2 groups of cows when they were in heat stress period and comfortable period.The results showed that the RT of heat stress tolerant cows were significant lower than that of heat stress sensitive cows（P〈0.05）.During comfortable period（May）,the average daily milk yield of heat stress tolerant cows were slightly lower than that of heat stress sensitive cows,the difference was 0.68 kg and was not significant（P〈0.05）.During the period of heat stress,the heat stresstolerant cows performed better than heat stress sensitive cows in terms of the magnitude of decrease in milk production,especially during August when cows suffered severe heat stress（comparing to May,the decrease were 18.06% and 23.01%,respectively）.In this study,two physiological performance indicators（respiratory and drooling score）were used for judging the heat stress resistance of lactating cows,and proved to be effective.The results could be helpful for assessing heat stress response and quantification of cow＇s heat stress,and adopting appropriate measurements to cool the cows at the right time to reduce economic losses in dairy farming.

关 键 词：荷斯坦奶牛 耐热性 直肠温度 产奶量 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]