饲粮中添加叶酸和维生素B_(12)对雏鹅盲肠菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B_(12) Supplementations on Caecal Microflora Structure of Gosling

作　　者：程漫漫 张廷荣[1] 王宝维[1] 孔敏[1] 张名爱[1] 岳斌[1] 葛文华[1] CHENG Manman, ZHANG Tingrong , WANG Baowei , KONG Min,ZHANG Ming’ai, YUE Bin ,GE Wenhua(Nutrition and Feed Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Chin)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学优质水禽研究所国家水禽产业技术体系营养与饲料功能研究室,青岛266109

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2018年第8期2987-2996,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家水禽产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-42-13);山东省良种工程(2014lz039)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的叶酸和维生素B_(12)对雏鹅盲肠菌群结构的影响。选取1日龄健康五龙鹅360只,随机分成6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅(公母各占1/2)。试验采用2×3(叶酸×维生素B_(12))两因素交叉等重复的析因设计,饲粮中叶酸的添加水平分别为0.55、2.50 mg/kg,维生素B_(12)的添加水平分别为0.009、0.018、0.036 mg/kg。Ⅰ~Ⅵ组饲粮中叶酸和维生素B_(12)添加水平分别为0.55和0.009 mg/kg、2.50和0.018 mg/kg、0.55和0.036 mg/kg、2.50和0.009 mg/kg、0.55和0.018 mg/kg、2.50和0.036 mg/kg。试验期为4周。试验结束后,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对雏鹅盲肠菌群组成进行测定,基于Illumina Hi Seq测序平台,利用双末端测序的方法,构建小片段文库进行测序,并进行α多样性和差异显著物种分析。结果显示:1)饲粮中添加不同水平的叶酸和维生素B_(12)对雏鹅的终末体重、平均日增重有显著影响(P<0.05),对料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅳ组的终末体重和平均日增重显著高于其他5组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅳ组的操作分类单元(OUT)数、ACE指数、Chao1指数最高,说明盲肠微生物的物种丰度高于其他5组。聚类分析表明Ⅰ组与Ⅵ组盲肠菌群相似性最高,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组盲肠菌群相似性最低。3)雏鹅盲肠中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势菌门,饲粮添加不同水平的叶酸和维生素B_(12)使雏鹅盲肠菌群门水平丰度发生了变化,其中厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门变化明显。雏鹅盲肠样本中共检测到91个菌属,Ⅰ~Ⅵ组分别检测到86、84、83、87、87、83个菌属,相对丰度较高的5个属分别为脱磷弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、杆菌属(Bacterium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、另枝菌属(Alistipes)和巴那斯拉菌属(Barnesiella)。优势菌属的相对丰度在不同组之间存在较大差异。在种水平上,杆菌在各组盲肠菌群中均占This study investigated the effects of different folic acid and vitamin B 12 supplemental levels in diets on the caecal microflora structure of gosling. A total of 360 one-day-old Wulong geese were randomly divided into 6 groups, each group had 6 replicates and each replicate consisted of 5-male and 5-female geese. A 2×3 two-factor （folic acid×vitamin B 12 ） crossed equal replication factorial design was used in this experiment, the folic acid supplemental levels in diets were 0.55 and 2.50 mg/kg, respectively, and the vitamin B 12 supplemental levels in diets were 0.009, 0.018 and 0.036 mg/kg, respectively. The folic acid and vitamin B 12 supplemental levels in diets of groups Ⅰ to Ⅵ were 0.55 and 0.009 mg/kg, 2.50 and 0.018 mg/kg, 0.55 and 0.036 mg/kg , 2.50 and 0.009 mg/kg, 0.55 and 0.018 mg/kg, 2.50 and 0.036 mg/kg, respectively.The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. The 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the microbial diversity in the caecum of gosling after the feeding experiment. Based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, a small fragment library was constructed by paired-end sequencing, and then carried on α diversity and significantly different species analysis. The results showed as follows： 1） dietary supplemented different levels of folic acid and vitamin B 12 had significant effects on final body weight （FBW） and average body weight （ADG） of gosling （ P 〈0.05）, but had no significant effect on feed/gain （F/G） （ P 〉0.05）. The FBW and ADG in group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in the other 5 groups （ P 〈0.05）. 2） The operational taxonomic unit （OUT） number, ACE index and Chao1 index of group Ⅳ were the highest, which demonstrated that the species abundance of group Ⅳ was higher than that of the other 5 groups. Clustering analysis showed that the caecal microflora of groups Ⅰ and Ⅵ had the highest similarity, and that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ had the lowest similarity. 3） Firmicutes, Bacteroidestes

关 键 词：叶酸 维生素B12 雏鹅 生长性能 盲肠菌群结构 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]