中国民营企业劳动生产率增长来源——基于制造业微观企业数据的分析  

A Study of the Source of the Labor Productivity Growth of the Private Enterprises in China:an Analysis Based on the Manufacturing Microenterprise Data

作　　者：杨超[1] 王聪[1] YANG Chao;WANG Cong(School of International Trade and Economics of University of International Business and Economics,Beijing,100029)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院,北京100029

出　　处：《管理学刊》2018年第4期36-46,共11页Journal of Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金应急管理项目(71741007);北京市自然科学基金项目(9142006);北京市哲学社会科学基金重点项目(13JGA109);对外经济贸易大学研究生科研创新基金资助(2017034)

摘　　要：经济下行阶段,生产率的持续增长是支撑民营企业发展的重要基础。本文使用中国工业企业数据,利用拓展的Melitz和Polane生产率分解框架,实证研究了民营企业劳动生产率增长的来源。研究发现:持续经营企业内部技术效率的改进是民营企业劳动生产率增长的主要来源,企业内部效应贡献了民营企业劳动生产率增长的85.78%,净的进入效应对民营企业劳动生产率增长的贡献为负,净的进入效应贡献-1.68%;民营企业劳动生产率增长呈东、中、西、东北地区依次递减的地区分布特征;融资依赖度低的企业更加依赖自身生产率的提高;持续经营的民营企业和具有外资企业民营化倾向特征的企业是民营企业两大劳动生产率增长来源。本文的研究意味着,营造公平的市场竞争环境是民营企业生产率提高的重要途径,有利于民营企业的持续健康发展。Continuous growth of labor productivity- is the foundation to support the healthy development of private enterprises in the econonfic downturn stage. This paper makes an empirical study of the source of the labor productivity growth in private enterprises based on the data from annual survey of Chinese industrial enterprises with the method of Melitz and Polanec. Three findings are achieved. First, the continuous improvement of the technological efficiency inside the enterprises is the main source of the labor productivity growth, which counts for 85.78% of it. The net entry effect makes a negative contribution to the labor productivity growth, which is -1.68%. Secondly, the labor productivity- growth successively decreases by order of the east, middle, west, northeast in region. Thirdly, the enterprises with low dependence of financing rely more on the improvement of their own productivity. Lastly, the continuously operating enterprises and the enterprises with privatization tendency of foreign-funded enterprises are the top two sources of the labor productivity growth of private enterprises. This study shows creating a fair and competitive market environment is an important way to improve the productivity of private enterprises, which is beneficial to the sustained and healthy development of private enterprises.

关 键 词：劳动生产率 民营企业 生产率分解框架 优胜劣汰 

分 类 号：F421.3[经济管理—产业经济]