自贸区非银行支付机构跨境支付问题及其对策  

Cross-border Payment Problems of Non-bank Payment Institutions in FTA and Its Countermeasures

作　　者：刘盛[1] LIU Sheng(Law School,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《四川理工学院学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期74-92,共19页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(17BFX009);中国法学会重点委托项目(CLS(2016)ZDWT41);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(20720151038)

摘　　要：非银行支付机构跨境支付业务的开闸放水及其所具有的体制灵活性、业务创新性、交易便捷性和快速的市场反应等方面的优点,使之在与银行金融机构跨境支付的业务竞争中脱颖而出,呈现出迅猛发展的势头。与区外相比,自贸区内非银行支付机构跨境支付在具体的业务运作流程上基本一致,两者最大的区别在于,不同的行政性区域定位所形成的外部环境对自贸区内非银行支付机构跨境支付业务在区内区外产生的不同影响:一方面,其在自贸区的语境下被赋予了特殊的意义,区内非银行支付机构跨境支付业务的发展有助于推动各大自贸区贸易方式的深度变革;提升呈井喷式增长的跨境电子商务的发展质量与效率;促进跨境人民币业务创新,并扩大人民币跨境使用。国家层面的各项规定和自贸区本身的多种优惠措施也为区内非银行支付机构跨境支付业务提供了区外并不具备的大量制度红利。另一方面,因这一业务发展不成熟、监管不健全等原因而存在的各类风险和制约因素,在自贸区规制该业务的基础性规范的缺失、为实现货物与服务的自由流动所做的各类创新以及与日俱增的跨境电子商务交易量等因素的影响下将显得更加尖锐,需要自贸区出台具体规则来对准入门槛、运作范围和程序、创新性监管等方面进行特殊化处理。准入层面,对非银行支付机构跨境支付业务的牌照制准入管理和有关外商投资准入规定的不明确制约了其在自贸区的发展,需要自贸区在与相关部门协商之后,结合自身特质逐步开展准入试点;运作层面,交易真实性、突破外汇管理和洗钱、恐怖融资等犯罪风险被进一步放大,需要自贸区鼓励区内非银行支付机构加强自身对跨境支付业务信息真实性的审核能力建设、统一其在客户身份审查与交易内容真实性等方面的规定、完善与之相关的The opening and releasing in cross-border payment business of non-bank payment institutions and its advantages in terms of institutional flexibility, business innovation, ease of dealing and rapid market response, etc., make it stand out in the competition with banks and financial institutions in cross-border payment business, therefore, the cross-border payment business of non-bank payment institutions presents a momentum of rapid development. Compared with those outside the FTA, the cross-border payments by nonbank payment institutions in the FTA are basically identical in terms of specific business operation processes.The biggest difference between them is the external environment formed by different administrative regional positioning has different effects on the cross-border payment business of non-bank payment institutions inside the FTA and outside the FTA. On the one hand, it has been given special significance in the context of the Free Trade Zone. The development of cross-border payment services by non-bank payment institutions in the FTA will help promote the development of major free trade zones to deepen the in-depth transformation of the trade mode, improve the quality and efficiency of cross-border e-commerce with spurt growth, promote the cross-border RMB business innovation and expand the cross-border use of RMB. Various regulations at the national level and various preferential measures of the Free Trade area itself also provide a large number of institutional dividends for the cross-border payment business of non-bank payment institutions in the FTA which are not available outside the FTA. On the other hand, all the existing risks and constraints due to the immature development of the business and the unsound supervision etc. will be even more acute under the effects of the factors, e.g. the absence of basic norms governing the business in the FTA, the various innovations made to achieve the free flow of goods and services, and the increasing volume of cross-border ecommerce transactions. The f

关 键 词：自贸区 非银行支付机构 银行金融机构 跨境支付 跨境电子商务 支付体系 人民币国际化 市场准入 

分 类 号：DF438[政治法律—经济法学]