经方麻黄类方在皮肤病中的运用  

Chinese classical formulas Ephedra associated prescriptions for treatment of skin diseases

作　　者：范一平 熊兴江[2] FAN Yi-ping;XIONG Xing-jiang(Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Jiaxing 314001,China;Guang＇anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学附属嘉兴中医院,浙江嘉兴314001 [2]中国中医科学院广安门医院,北京100053

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2018年第12期2431-2434,共4页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81403375);中国科协青年人才托举工程(2017QNRC001);中国中医科学院育苗基金培育专项

摘　　要：经方现在专指张仲景《伤寒杂病论》中的方剂。经方因其药少而精,配伍精良,结构严谨,效专力宏而备受历代医家推崇。在现代临床中,经方运用也极为广泛。麻黄类方是经方中的代表,在皮肤病中运用广泛,如麻黄连翘赤小豆汤、麻杏石甘汤、麻杏薏甘汤、麻黄汤、麻黄加术汤、桂枝麻黄各半汤、桂枝二越婢一汤等。皮肤过敏是一种变态反应,表现为红斑、丘疹、瘙痒等临床症状。桂枝麻黄各半汤由桂枝汤和麻黄汤各取其半组成,可以疏风散寒,解表通络,可以治疗风寒之邪束于肌表的病症。桂枝二越婢一汤由桂枝汤取1/4合越婢汤取1/8组成,可以疏风散寒,解表清热,主治风寒束表,入里化热的病症。麻黄连翘赤小豆汤可以解表清热利湿,主治湿热郁于肌表的病症。研究发现,桂枝麻黄各半汤和桂枝二越婢一汤治疗皮肤过敏具有一定疗效,而麻黄连翘赤小豆汤治疗荨麻疹、急慢性湿疹等皮肤病疗效显著,值得关注。研究发现,只要能紧紧抓住方药的客观指征,不论是外感病还是内伤杂病,临床运用麻黄类方皆能取效。Chinese classical formulas,firstly recorded in Shanghan Zabing Lun by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han dynasty,have been widely used by traditional Chinese medicine physicians for thousands of years due to its good compatibility,strict structures,significant clinical efficacy and less adverse effects. Ephedra associated prescriptions,widely used in the treatment of skin diseases,are famous representative prescriptions in Chinese classical formulas. The commonly used Ephedra associated prescriptions include Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction,Maxing Shigan decoction,Maxing Yigan decoction,Mahuang decoction,Mahuang Jiazhu decoction,Guizhi Mahuang Geban decoction,and Guizhi Eryue Biyi decoction. Skin allergy is an allergic reaction,manifested as erythema,papules,and itching. It has been identified that Guizhi Mahuang Geban decoction（ 1/2 Guizhi decoction ＋ 1/2 Mahuang decoction） is effective in dispersing wind and cold,relieving exterior syndrome and dredging the collaterals,so it can be used to treat skin allergy caused by pathogenic wind-cold. Guizhi Eryue Biyi decoction（ 1/4 Guizhi decoction ＋ 1/8 Yuebi decoction） is effective in dispersing wind and cold,relieving exterior syndrome and clearing heat,so it is mainly used for the syndrome of wind-cold tightening superficies and heat transformed from wind-cold. Additionally,Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction can relieve exterior syndrome,clear heat and remove dampness,mainly for the dampness and heat depression in the muscle surface. It is found that Guizhi Mahuang Geban decoction and Guizhi Eryue Biyi decoction have certain efficacy for skin allergies,while Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction has significant efficacy for urticaria,acute and chronic eczema,etc. It has been identified that if the conditions of Ephedra associated prescriptions are well mastered by traditional Chinese medicine physicians,they could be widely applied to treat exogenous diseases and miscellaneous diseases.

关 键 词：皮肤病 经方 麻黄类方 桂枝麻黄各半汤 桂枝二越婢一汤 麻黄连翘赤小豆汤 

分 类 号：R289.5[医药卫生—方剂学]