表面活性剂对土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)纵向迁移的影响  

Effects of surfactant on longitudinal migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil

作　　者：李看看 吴娟[1,2] 马东 柴超[1,2] 曾路生 LI Kankan;WU juan;MA Dong;CHAI Chao;ZENG Lusheng(College of Resource and Environments,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,266109,China;Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment,Qingdao,266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,青岛266019 [2]青岛市农村环境工程研究中心,青岛266019

出　　处：《环境化学》2018年第7期1545-1553,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503107)资助~~

摘　　要：选取山东省分布较广的3种类型土壤(潮土、褐土和棕壤)为研究对象,采用室内土柱淋滤实验,模拟多环芳烃(PAHs)在土壤中纵向迁移的过程.选用生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和非离子表面活性剂TX-100分别对3种土壤进行淋滤实验,分析淋滤后较清洁土层PAHs的含量和组成.结果表明,3种类型土壤中,潮土最有利于土壤中PAHs的纵向迁移,褐土和棕壤无显著差异(P>0.05);不同淋滤处理下,PAHs均主要富集在土柱表层,占39.00%—60.00%;有无表面活性剂的添加,低环PAHs均较易向下迁移,在污染土壤中的残留率为14.33%—38.52%;不添加表面活性剂条件下高环PAHs在污染土中残留率较高,为79.67%—92.47%,在鼠李糖脂3倍(3 CMC)和TX-100 2倍(2 CMC)临界胶束浓度条件下淋滤效果有明显提高,污染土中高环PAHs残留率与去离子水淋滤时相比降低28.95%—35.31%;相同临界胶束浓度下,TX-100处理后PAHs淋滤率高于鼠李糖脂,淋滤效果更好.Three types of typical soils（ fluvo-aquic soil,cinnamon soil and brown soil） in Shandong province of China were selected to simulate the longitudinal migration process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） in soils by indoor soil column leaching experiments. Biosurfactants rhamnolipid and nonionic surfactant TX-100 were used in the soil leaching experiment,and the content and composition of PAHs were analyzed after leaching. The results showed that fluvo-aquic soil was the most favorable for the longitudinal migration of PAHs among the three soils,while there was no significant difference between cinnamon soil and brown soil（ P〉 0. 05）. PAHs were mainly enriched in the surface layer of the soil column,accounting for 39. 00%—60. 00% under different leaching treatments. The presence of surfactants did not affect the favorable downward migration of low-ring PAHs,and the residual rate in the soil was 14.33%—38.52%; Without any surfactant,the residual rate of the high-ring PAHs in the soil was high,ranging between 79. 67%—92. 47%. The longitudinal migration ability of the high-ring PAHs was enhanced at 3 times critical micelleconcentration（ 3 CMC） of rhamnolipids and 2 CMC of TX-100. The residue rate of the high-ring PAHs in the soil was 28. 95%—35. 31% lower than that of deionized water leaching. At the same critical micelle concentration,the leaching rate of PAHs by TX-100 treatment was higher than that of rhamnolipid,indicating a better leaching effect of TX-100.

关 键 词：多环芳烃(PAHs) 淋滤 纵向迁移 土壤类型 表面活性剂 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]