典型城乡交错区土壤中多环芳烃污染及健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil from a typic peri-urban area

作　　者：吴东辉 刘红霞 刘毛林 李顺湘 郑敬茹 张家泉 占长林 姚瑞珍 刘婷 WU Donghui;LIU Hongxia;LIU Maolin;LI Shunxiang;ZHENG Jingru;ZHANG Jiaquan;ZHAN Changlin;YAO Ruizhen;LIU Ting(Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control ＆ Remediation,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hubci Polytechnic University,Huangshi,435003,China;Environmental Protection Bureau of Yangxin County,Yangxin,435200,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北理工学院环境科学与工程学院矿区环境污染控制与修复湖北省重点实验室,黄石435003 [2]湖北省阳新县环境保护局,阳新435200

出　　处：《环境化学》2018年第7期1565-1574,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划项目(B2015094);湖北理工学院大学生科技创新项目(17cx04);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY112700)资助~~

摘　　要：以典型城镇化进程中武汉郊区-鄂州城市-鄂州郊区为研究对象,探讨城乡交错区多环芳烃(PAHs)污染水平和来源,并进行健康风险评价.研究区土壤中PAHs广泛存在,16种PAHs检出率达100%.土壤中∑16PAHs含量为16.60—1854.21 ng·g^(-1),均值为411.67 ng·g^(-1);7种致癌单体多环芳烃Σ7PAHs含量为4.17—1169.98 ng·g^(-1),均值为251.93 ng·g^(-1).不同点位PAHs污染水平差异较大,其中在居民密集区、城市建设及交通繁忙区域尤为显著,说明城乡交错区人为社会和经济活动在一定程度上对土壤中PAHs污染产生较大影响.采用组分特征比值和主成分分析污染来源,结果显示该地区土壤中PAHs主要源于煤燃烧和机动车尾气排放以及秸秆等生物质低温燃烧排放,同时存在石油源污染.在城市化建设发展中,城乡交错区工业、农业、交通及生活等各种区域相互交错重叠,人为活动异常活跃,产生大量PAHs输入源,逐渐成为影响生活和环境的重要影响因素之一.研究区对于成人和儿童通过呼吸暴露于土壤PAHs几乎不存在风险;而通过皮肤接触及经口摄入途径暴露于土壤PAHs存在一定潜在风险.此外,儿童通过3种途径暴露致癌风险低于成人;成人和儿童通过3种途径暴露的致癌风险大小顺序均为经口摄入>皮肤接触>呼吸.Pllution level,source and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） in soil were investigated from the typic peri-urban area of Wuhan suburb-Ezhou urbanEzhou suburb. The results showed that 16 kinds of PAHs were widely dispersed in soil with detection rate of 100%. The soil concentrations of ∑16 PAHs changed from 16.60 ng·g^（-1） to 1854.21 ng·g^（-1）,and the average concentration was 411. 67 ng·g^（-1）. The concentrations of ∑7 PAHs changed from4.17 ng·g^（-1） to 1169. 98 ng·g^（-1）,and the average concentration was 251. 93 ng·g^（-1）. There were obvious differences for PAHs in different sampling sites. Among these sampling sites, PAHs concentrations were particularly significant in the regions with dense population,frequent urban construction and heavy traffic,suggesting that artificial social and economic activities in peri-urban areas influenced the pollutions of PAHs in soil to some extent. The results of characteristic ratio and principal component analysis indicated that the main sources were from coal combustion,motor vehicle exhaust and the emission from the low temperature combustion of biomass. Meanwhile,there were also some sources from oil pollution. In conclusion,during the development of urbanization,due to the interleaved overlap of industry,agriculture,traffic and living activities which had made the human activity＇s hyperactive,a large number of PAHs were produced and ultimately become one of the important factors affecting the life and the environment in the peri-urban areas. As for the health risk assessment of PAHs,the risk through breathing exposing to soil didn＇t exist for adults and children. But,there were certain potential risks through skin contact and oral ingestion exposing to PAHs soil. Moreover,the health risks were lower for children than adults through the three exposure pathways. The health risks for adults and children had the same sequence of oral ingestion skin contact breath.

关 键 词：城乡交错区 多环芳烃 污染水平 土壤 来源解析 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X825