污水流行病学调查辽宁和吉林两省甲基苯丙胺滥用量和流行率  

Methamphetamine consumption and prevalence in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces investigated by sewage epidemiology

作　　者：刘春叶 王喆 冯佳铭 冯诗婧 张旭红 王思玉 裴伟[1] 王德高[1] LIU Chunye;WANG Zhe;FENG Jiaming;FENG Shijing;ZHANG Xuhong;WANG Siyu;PEI Wei;WANG Degao(Environmental Science and Engineering of Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,116000,China;Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian,116000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,大连116000 [2]大连市环境监测中心,大连116000

出　　处：《环境化学》2018年第8期1763-1769,共7页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(3132017096)资助~~

摘　　要：甲基苯丙胺是我国目前主要的滥用毒品,而准确的滥用信息还非常有限.本文利用污水流行病学方法,调查了辽宁和吉林两省城镇居民中甲基苯丙胺的滥用量和流行率.选取并采集辽宁与吉林两省共15个城市17座污水处理厂进水样品,利用气相色谱衍生化方法分析测定污水中甲基苯丙胺的浓度分别为343±198 ng·L^(-1)和166±69 ng·L^(-1).根据污水厂进水量、甲基苯丙胺代谢数据和服务人口数量等信息预测了辽宁与吉林两省甲基苯丙胺的人均滥用量分别为361±148μg·d^(-1)和275±154μg·d^(-1).在预测滥用量的基础上,结合滥用剂量和滥用频率数据,预测辽宁与吉林两省城镇居民成年(15—64岁)人群中流行率分别为0.73%±0.30%和0.56%±0.31%.为了提高预测结果的准确性和可靠性,采用蒙特卡罗方法对滥用量和流行率进行不确定性分析,得到辽宁和吉林两省城镇居民人均甲基苯丙胺滥用量分别为398μg·d^(-1)(95%CI:199—688)和208μg·d^(-1)(95%CI:107—342),辽宁与吉林两省城镇居民成年人群中流行率分别为0.73%(95%CI:0.17—1.88)和0.38%(95%CI:0.09—0.97).根据预测的人均滥用量和两省人口数量,绘制两省的甲基苯丙胺的滥用地图,为毒品滥用的实时监控提供直观依据.本研究结果表明污水流行病学方法能够实时、快速、准确地获取毒品滥用信息,对毒品犯罪的防治具有重要意义.Methamphetamine is one of the main illicit drugs in China,and information on its abuse is very limited. In this study,sewage epidemiology was used to investigate the consumption and prevalence of methamphetamine in the general population in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces. The concentrations of methamphetamine in the influents from 17 WWTPs in 15 cities were determined to be 343 ± 198 ng·L^（-1）（ Liaoning） and 166 ± 69 ng·L^（-1）（ Jilin）. Based on the amount of influent,methamphetamine metabolism rate and served population,the consumption of methamphetamine inLiaoning and Jilin provinces was estimated to be 361 ± 148 μg · person^（-1）·d^（-1） and 275 ±154 μg·person^（-1）·d^（-1）. The prevalence among adults aged 15—64 years in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces was predicted to be 0.73% ±0.30% and 0.56% ±0.31% on the basis of dose and frequency.Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyze the uncertainty, and the result showed that the consumption of methamphetamine in Liaoning and Jilin provinces was 398 μg·person^（-1）·d^（-1）（ 95% CI：199—688） and 208 μg·person^（-1）·d^（-1）（ 95% CI： 107—342）. The prevalence rates among adults were0.73%（ 95% CI： 0. 17—1. 88） and 0. 38%（ 95% CI： 0. 09—0. 97）,respectively. Mapping the abuse of methamphetamine in the two provinces provided a visual basis for the monitoring of drug abuse. This study demonstrated that sewage epidemiology can predict the drug consumption,quickly,and accurately,which is very important to prevent and attack drug crime.

关 键 词：甲基苯丙胺 污水流行病学 滥用量 流行率 辽宁 吉林 毒品 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]