险兆事件视域下个体和组织事故3道“防火墙”  

Three " firewalls" for preventing individual and organizational accidents in scope of near-miss event

作　　者：田水承 周可柔[1,2,3] 杨雪健 杨鹏飞 张德桃[1,2,3] TIAN Shuicheng;ZHOU Kerou;YANG Xuejian;YANG Pengfei;ZHANG Detao(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi＇an University of Science and Technology,Xi＇an Shaanxi 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazard Prevention,Xi＇an University of Science and Technology,Xi＇an Shaanxi 710054,China;Institute of Safety Management,Xi＇an University of Science and Technology,Xi＇an Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学西部矿井开采及灾害防治重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学安全管理与风险控制研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2018年第5期62-67,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(71273208)

摘　　要：为促进双重预防机制的实施,预防生产事故,分析界定个体事故与组织事故的概念;从3类危险源、险兆事件交叉综合的角度,探讨2类事故致因机理;基于霍尔三维结构,构建险兆事件三维管理体系,揭示危险源-隐患-险兆事件-事故的发展过程的时间顺序、逻辑关系及所涉及的知识维度;提出险兆事件视域下事故预防的3道＂防火墙＂理论和闭环管理模式。结果表明：该模式以风险分级管控、隐患排查治理和险兆上报管理为3道主要屏障,形成管理闭环,巩固事故预防纵深防御,实现安全生产关口前移,有利于遏制重特大事故发生。To promote the implementation of dual prevention mechanism,prevent frequent industrial accidents,this paper defines the concept of individual accidents and organizational accidents in view of the current situation of safety management,explores the causation mechanism of two types of accidents from the view of the three types of hazard theory and near-miss methodology,builds a near-miss accident threedimensional management model which elaborates the development process of hazard-hidden peril-accident from the logic dimension, time dimension and knowledge dimension, and presents a closed-loop management mode based on the concept of three ＂ firewall＂ for industrial organization accident. The results show that the mode incorporates risk-grading control,hidden peril inspection and near-miss reporting management as the main barriers,constituting management closed loop which is helpful in curbing serious accidents.

关 键 词：“防火墙” 险兆事件 个体事故 组织事故 霍尔三维结构模型 

分 类 号：X928[环境科学与工程—安全科学]