论新时代的契约精神  

On the Spirit of Contract in the New Era

作　　者：刘俊海[1] LIU Junhai(College of Law,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2018年第4期26-36,共11页Journal of Yangzhou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(13AFX019)

摘　　要：在新时代,强化全社会的契约精神有助于推动小康社会的全面建成、改革的全面深化以及依法治国的全面推进。但我国现实生活中仍普遍存在漠视甚至践踏契约精神的现象。为打造诚实信用、公平公正、多赢共享、包容普惠的市场生态环境,应当在契约自由、契约正义与契约严守等三个层面弘扬契约精神。新时代的契约自由精神致力于追求的不是形式上的契约自由,而是实质上的契约自由;不是强势缔约方的单边契约自由,而是各方当事人的双边或多边契约自由;不是当事人处于非理性状态下的契约自由,而是各方当事人在理性状态下的契约自由。新时代应追求多赢共享的契约正义。契约正义不仅是指导市场主体公平缔约的指南针,也是裁判者变更、撤销、解除合同的尚方宝剑,更是裁判者确定违约责任的北斗星。新时代应当追求守约践诺的契约严守精神。要彻底扭转劣币驱逐良币、"好人受气,坏人神气"的不正常逆淘汰效应,必须实现"三升三降"。In the new era,strengthening the spirit of contract in the whole society will help promote the building of a well-off society,the deepening of reform and the advancement of governing the country according to law in an all-round way.However,in the real life of our country,there is still a widespread disregard for or even trample on the spirit of the contract.In order to create a market eco-environment with honesty and credit,fairness and justice,win-win sharing and inclusiveness for universal benefit,the spirit of contract should be carried forward at the three levels：contractual freedom,contractual justice and strict adherence to contract.The spirit of contractual freedom in the new era is committed to pursuing contractual freedom not in form,but in essence.It is not the unilateral contractual freedom of the strong contracting party,but the bilateral or multilateral contractual freedom of the parties;it is not the contractual freedom of the party concerned in the irrational state,but the contractual freedom of the parties concerned in the rational state.Contractual justice of win-win sharing should be pursued in the new era.Contractual justice is not only a compass to guide the fair market contract,but also an imperial sword for the judges to change,cancel,and terminate the contract.It also has final say to determine the liability for breach of contract.Strict adherence to contract should be pursued in the new era.In order to completely reverse the abnormal adverse elimination effect of＂bad money expelling good money＂and＂bad guys looking great and people getting angry＂,we must achieve＂three rises and three falls.＂

关 键 词：契约精神 契约自由 契约正义 契约严守 法治 德治 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]