广东丹霞山乌冈栎群落研究  

Quercus phillyraeoides community in Danxia Mountain, Guangdong

作　　者：罗连 林石狮[1,2] 郝大庆 余意[2] 凡强[2] 汤历[1] 廖文波[2] LUO Lian;LIN Shishi;HAO Daqing;YU Yi;FAN Qiang;TANG Li;LIAO Wenbo(Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering,Foshan 528216,Guangdong,China;State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources,School of Life Sciences,Sun Eat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广东环境保护工程职业学院,广东佛山528216 [2]有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带植物资源重点实验室中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《生态科学》2018年第4期59-64,共6页Ecological Science

基　　金：广东丹霞山生物多样性科学考察项目;广东环境保护工程职业学院人才基金项目(K650116101809);全国第四次中药普查项目

摘　　要：乌冈栎(Quercus phillyraeoides)植物生长于广东仁化县丹霞山的峭壁上,是一种适应于干旱、贫瘠环境的重要种群。针对乌冈栎+乌饭树(Vaccinium bracteatum)-枝穗山矾(Symplocos multipes)+狗骨柴(Diplospora dubia)群落,开展调查研究,结果表明:(1)群落高6—7 m,分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层;乔木层以乌冈栎、乌饭树占优势,灌木层高3—4 m,主要有枝穗山矾、狗骨柴等;草本层稀疏。(2)群落中有种子植物27科46属53种;群落的种类组成以热带成分主为,占热带性分布属总数的78.05%;(3)群落的主要优势科为壳斗科(31.28%)、杜鹃花科(17.10%)等,建群种、优势种为乌冈栎、乌饭树,重要值分别为87.913和51.241;而生活型谱以高位芽植物占绝对优势(84.00%)。(4)物种多样性指数分析,据DBH起测阶径以上的物种其重要值计算Simpson指数为0.855,Shannon-Winner指数为2.354,种间相遇机率(PIE)为0.85,Pielou均匀度指数中的Jsw为0.741,Jsi为0.892,Alatalo均匀度指数为0.619。(5)频度分析显示A级占优势且A(54.17%)>B(12.50%)>C(8.33%)>D(4.17%)<E(20.83%),同Raunkiaer标准频度定律近似。(6)年龄结构图显示群落中两个主要种群均为衰退种群,但结合频度图及相关研究推测其在演替上仍处于相对稳定状况,并已达到亚顶级群落。总体看来,乌冈栎+乌饭树-枝穗山矾+狗骨柴群落是物种多样性、均匀度较高的稳定亚顶级群落,隶属于典型亚热带地带性常绿阔叶林。Quercus phillyraeoides is a drought resistant and barren plant growing on cliffs. Field investigation on Quercus phillyraeoides ＋ Vaccinium bracteatum-Symplocos multipes＋Diplospora dubia community in Danxia Mountain, Guangdong, China is done and the results are as follows：（1） 53 seed plants belong to 46 families 27 genera in the community.（2） The community is 6-7 m height, and stratified as tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. The tree layer is 6-7 m height, and Quercus phillyraeoides and Vaccinium bracteatum are dominant populations. The shrub layer is 3-4 m height, and Symplocos multipes and Diplospora dubia are important populations. The herb layer is sparse.（3） Based on the IV, the dominant families are Fagaceae（31.28%） and Ericaceae（17.10%）; the dominant species and constructive species are Quercus phillyraeoides（IV=87.913） and Vaccinium bracteatum（IV=51.241）.（4） Base on the above data and the flora, this community belongs to the typical subtropics plant community and has much tropical elements; the tropical genera keep 78.05%. The phanerophytes is preponderant（84.00%）; the other life form is lack.（5） Based on the IV of tree layer in the DBH range, the Simpson index=0.84, Shannon-Winner index=2.77, PIE=0.85, Jsw=0.67, Jsi=0.86, Alatalo=0.36.（6） The frequency grades A（54.17%）〉B（12.50%）〉C（8.33%）〉D（4.17%）〈E（20.83%）, are similar with the Raunkiaer＇s law of frequency. The age forms of two important species show that they are declining population; frequency grades show that the community is in stable state, and reaches the sub-climax community. As a whole, the Quercus phillyraeoides ＋ Vaccinium bracteatum-Symplocos multipes＋Diplospora dubia community is a typical subtropic evergreen broad-leaved forest, and has high biodiversity.

关 键 词：广东丹霞山 乌冈栎 群落结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.157[生物学—植物学]