选矿企业石棉粉尘的职业健康风险评估  

Occupational health risk assessment on asbestos processing enterprises

作　　者：张文翠[1] 朱钰玲[1] 胡伟江[1] 叶萌[1] 牛勇[1] 周莹[1] 张璘[1] 梅良英 ZHANG Wen-cui;ZHU Yu-ling;HU Wei-jiang;YE Meng;NIU Yong;ZHOU Ying;ZHANG Lin;MEI Liang-ying(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]湖北省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《预防医学》2018年第9期879-883,共5页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81472956;30972449);职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(131031109000150003)

摘　　要：目的分析石棉矿选矿企业石棉粉尘暴露状况,评估重点暴露岗位人群的职业健康风险水平,为职业健康风险管理提供依据。方法以青海省某大型石棉矿选矿企业为研究现场,开展职业卫生现场调查和重点岗位石棉浓度检测,依据半定量综合指数评估法和职业危害风险指数评估法分别对石棉粉尘暴露岗位职工进行职业健康风险评估,并对两种方法的评估结果进行比较。结果该企业选矿、精选和成品车间的重点暴露岗位空气样品检测结果均超过我国标准限值(0.8 mg/m3)水平,最高超过限值160余倍。两种评估法的评估结果分别是5级危害(高风险水平)和4级健康效应(极度危害水平)。结论半定量综合指数评估法和职业危害风险指数评估法对石棉粉尘重点暴露岗位的评估结果一致,该石棉矿选矿企业石棉粉尘重点暴露岗位的职业健康风险等级高,应采取相应的控制措施。Objective To evaluate the asbestos exposure levels and occupational health risk levels of key occupations exposed to asbestos dust in asbestos processing enterprises, and to provide scientific evidence to occupational health risk management.Methods On the basis of occupational health investigation on a selected key asbestos processing enterprise in Qinghai Province and detection on asbestos dust concentration of its key occupations, occupational health risk levels of the selected occupations were calculated and evaluated respectively by the methods of the semi-quantitative risk assessment model and the occupational hazard risk index assessment model separately. The results of risk evaluation were compared. Results The concentration of asbestos dust of the tested positions from mineral processing plant,selection plant and finished goods plant had been exceeded the Chinese standard limit（0.8 mg/m3） for asbestos dust,in which the highest concentration had been over 160 folds higher than the Chinese standard limit.The results from the two health risk assessment methods presented that the occupational hazard level reached 5 and health effects level reached 4. Conclusion The risk evaluation results of the semi-quantitative risk assessment model and the occupational hazard risk index assessment model indicated that the occupational health risk levels of these key occupations were in a similar accordance. It showed that occupational health risk situation of the key occupations exposed to asbestos in the asbestos processing enterprise was at an alarming risk level and measures need to be taken right away.

关 键 词：石棉粉尘 风险评估 职业暴露 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]