小麦籽粒响应花后早期高温胁迫的形态和细胞学研究  

Morphological and cytological studies on wheat grain in response to early high temperature stress after anthesis

作　　者：冯宽[1] 李咏 林静[1] 赵云[1] 石培春[1] 李召锋[1] 李卫华[1] Feng Kuan;Li Yong;Lin Jing;Zhao Yun;Shi Peichun;Li Zhaofeng;Li Weihua(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan,Shihezi,Xinjiang832003,China;Crop Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center of Barkol County,Hami,Xinjiang 839000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]哈密市巴里坤县农产品质量安全检验检测中心,新疆哈密839000

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第3期321-329,共9页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：新疆兵团现代农业科技攻关与成果转化项目(2015AC015;2016AC027)

摘　　要：目的探讨花后早期高温胁迫对小麦籽粒形态和颖果发育的影响,为小麦响应逆境胁迫提供一定的理论依据。方法本研究以新疆主栽品种新春11号为实验材料,于花后5~8d进行高温处理,对花后各时期籽粒进行形态和细胞学观察,测定籽粒各时期鲜、干重,胚乳细胞数目变化及胚乳细胞程序性死亡(Programmed Cell Death,PCD)发生情况。结果花后早期高温处理显著影响小麦籽粒形态、鲜/干重、果皮和胚的发育、胚乳细胞数目及胚乳PCD的发生。花后早期高温处理在小麦籽粒发育早期使籽粒的鲜重、干重及胚乳细胞数目分别较对照增加6.71%、9.63%和8.23%,同时加快了果皮及胚组织的发育进程;而在籽粒发育的中后期则阻碍了籽粒发育,其最终粒重和胚乳细胞数目分别降低了4.27%和9.74%,显著低于对照;同时抑制了果皮及胚组织的发育,但促进了胚乳PCD的进程。花后早期高温胁迫显著促进小麦籽粒早期发育,但抑制了籽粒后期发育。结论表明花后早期高温会在一定程度上加速细胞衰老进程,使其早衰,从而对小麦产量与品质产生影响。Objective The purpose of this study is to learn more about how the morphology and cytology of wheat grain is influenced by early high temperature after anthesis, and to provide some theoretical basis of stress response for wheat. Methods In this study, Xinchun 11, the main wheat cultivar in Xinjiang,was used as the experimental material. The wheat plants were treated at 5-8 d after anthesis under high temperature. The morphology and cytology of the grain were observed at 10, 15, 20,25 and 30 d after anthesis（DAA）. WThe changes in grain fresh weight, dry weight, and the number of endosperm cells were also measured in the present study. The occurrence of programmed cell death（PCD） in the endosperm was also determined. R esults The results showed that the early high temperature after anthesis significantly affected the grain morphology, fresh and dry weight,the development of pericarp and embryo, the number of endosperm cells, and the occurrence of endosperm PCD. Early high temperature after anthesis treatment increased grain fresh weight, dry weight and endosperm cell number by 6.71%, 9.63% and8.23%, respectively; at the early stage of wheat grain development, the development of peel and embryo tissue were accelerated.However, in the middle and late stages of grain development, the grain development was inhibited, and the final grain weight and the number of endosperm cells were decreased by 4.27% and 9.74%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control. At the same time, the development of pericarp and embryo was inhibited, but the process of endosperm PCD was promoted. Early high temperature stress after anthesis significantly promoted the early grain development of wheat, but restrained the late grain development. Conclusion The results showed that early high temperature after anthesis accelerated the process of cell senescence to a certain extent and made it premature senescence, which affected the yield and quality of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 花后早期高温 发育 籽粒形态 细胞学 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]