棉粕对盐渍化土壤团聚体中交换性盐基离子的影响  

Effect of Cottonseed Meal on Exchange Base Cations in Salinization Soil Aggregates

作　　者：马宏秀[1] 张开祥[1] 孟春梅 李宗飞[1] 王开勇[1] MA Hong-xiu;ZHANG Kai-xiang;MENG Chun-mei;LI Zong-fei;WANG Kai-yong(Agricultural College,Shihezi University,Xinjiang Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第7期1411-1417,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560169)

摘　　要：【目的】针对绿洲区盐渍化导致的土壤质量退化问题,研究棉粕改良盐渍化土壤对土壤团聚体中交换性盐基离子分布的影响。【方法】本试验以新疆优势资源棉粕输入对盐碱土壤质量的影响为切入点,采用田间试验小区,模拟不同梯度盐碱土壤条件,相对应施加一定的棉粕用量。【结果】两类盐化土壤中>0.25的大团聚体约占86%,其中以>5 mm粒径团聚体总量最大。各团聚体中,盐基离子平均含量的大小为Na^+>Ca^(2+)>K^+>Mg^(2+)。氯化钠型土壤交换性Ca^(2+)和碳酸钠型土壤中交换性Mg^(2+)主要储存于20~40 cm土层。在不同粒径中,碳酸钠型土壤中交换性K+和两类盐化土壤中交换性Na+主要分布于微团聚体中,交换性Mg^(2+)在各粒径团聚体中分布较为均匀,氯化钠型土壤中交换性K^+和交换性Ca^(2+)主要分布于大团聚体中。在同一土层中相同浓度和棉粕的处理下,>5 mm和2~5 mm粒径中氯化钠型土壤中(Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+))/(K^++Na^+)含量的比值均高于碳酸钠型土壤,其余各粒径则相反。说明二价盐基离子的积累和一价盐基离子的减少促进了氯化钠型土壤大团聚体的形成,土壤团聚性较好。【结论】棉粕对氯化钠型土壤较碳酸钠型土壤改良效果较为明显。【Objective】According to the soil quality degradation caused by soil salinization in oasis area in Xinjiang,effect of cottonseed meal on exchange base cation＇s distribution in salinization soil aggregates was studied.【Method】In the present paper the superior resources of cottonseed meal＇s effects on saline soil quality were taken as the starting point,field test plot was adopted,and saline alkali soil conditions with different gradients were simulated,together with the application of a certain amount of cottonseed meal.【Result】Two types of salinization in soil 0. 25 large aggregate accounted for about 86 %,with 5 mm total maximum particle size aggregates. In the aggregate,the average content of cation size was Na-＋ Ca-（2＋） K-＋ Mg2＋. Sodium chloride type soil exchangeable Ca-（2＋） and sodium carbonate in the soil exchangeable Mg-（2＋） were mainly accumulated in 20-40 cm soil layer. Exchangeable Na ＋ in the exchangeable soil K ＋ and two kinds of salinized soil in the sodium carbonate type soil were mainly distributed in the micro aggregate. The exchangeable Mg-（2＋） was more evenly distributed among the particle size aggregates,and exchangeable K＋and exchangeable Ca-（2＋） were mainly distributed in the large aggregates in the sodium chloride soil. In the same soil in the same concentration and processing of cottonseed meal, 5 mm and 2-5 mm of sodium chloride in soil particle size in（ Ca-（2＋） ＋ Mg-（2＋） ）/（K-＋＋ Na-＋） were higher than the ratio of the content of sodium carbonate in soil,the grain size was on the contrary. The accumulation of two valence base ions and the decrease of monovalent ion promoted the formation of large aggregates in the soil of sodium chloride type,and the aggregation of soil was better.【Conclusion】Improvement effect of cottonseed meal on sodium chloride soil is better than that on sodium carbonate soil.

关 键 词：棉粕 盐渍化 土壤团聚体 盐基离子 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]