胶园覆盖对土壤肥力及橡胶树根系活力的影响  

Effect of Stylosanthes Mulching on Soil Fertility and Root Activity of Rubber Plantation

作　　者：贺军军[1] 姚艳丽[1] 张华林[1] 戴小红[1] 罗萍[1] HE Jun-jun;YAO Yan-li;ZHANG Hua-lin;DAI Xiao-hong;LUO Ping(Zhanjiang Experiment Station,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland Water-saving Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Zhanjiang 524013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站/广东省旱作节水农业工程技术中心,广东湛江524013

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第7期1444-1450,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目资助(20163146);国家天然橡胶产业技术体系湛江综合试验站(CARS-34-GD2)

摘　　要：【目的】本文旨在分析胶园覆盖柱花草的土壤循环和根系分布特征。【方法】于2008年建立胶园覆盖柱花草复合系统,2014年对试验区土壤样品和橡胶树根系进行分析与调查。【结果】胶园覆盖柱花草分别提高了0~10和10~20 cm土层有机质含量465%和17%、达到显著水平,提高了土壤全氮含量,以及转化酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性;促进了橡胶树根系的生长,根系干重和鲜重分别增加了98.07%和77.11%,根系分布以10~20 cm为主变为0~10 cm为主,根系水分含量大于50%,细根增加,木质化程度降低。【结论】胶园覆盖柱花草提高了胶园表层土壤熟化程度,促进了养分物质的转化与利用,调控了橡胶树根系的分布,提高了根系活性,促进了土壤养分的吸收与利用。【Objective】The present paper aimed at analyzing the characteristic of soil cycle and root distribution covering with the Stylosanthes. 【Method】In 2008,the complex ecosystem with covering the Stylosanthes in rubber plantation was established,and in 2014,the soil samples and the root system in the tested area were investigated and analyzed. 【Result】The covering Stylosanthes in rubber plantation respectively increased the soil organic matter of 46 % from 0 to 10 cm soil and 17 % from 10 to 20 cm soil,reaching significant level,and the total nitrogen content,the activity of invertase,urease and acid phosphatase were also increased,promoting the growth of root system. Dry weight and fresh weight respectively increased 98. 07 % and 77. 11 %,the root distribution was transformed mainly from 10-20 cm to mainly 0-10 cm,the content of root hydraulic was higher than 50 %,the amount of fine root was increased,and lignification degree was declined. 【Conclusion】Covering stylosanthes in rubber plantation,the ripen degree of surface soil was increased,the transformation and utilization of nutrition was promoted,the root distribution of rubber tree was controlled,the activity of root system was increased and the absorption and utilization of soil nutrient was promoted.

关 键 词：胶园 柱花草 土壤养分 根系活力 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]