九叶青花椒叶片矿质营养元素主要物候期动态变化特征  

Dynamic Changes of Leaves' Mineral Elements in Zanthoxylum armatum V. novemfolius Main Phenological Period

作　　者：王帅 韩晓飞 王洋 王正银[3] WANG Shuai;HAN Xiao-fei;WANG Yang;WANG Zheng-yin(Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chongqing 401121,China;Jiangjin Agricultural Technology Extension Center Chongqing 402260,China;College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆401121 [2]重庆市江津区农业技术推广中心,重庆402260 [3]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第7期1456-1461,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：重庆市科委社会事业与民生保障科技创新专项重点研发项目(cstc2017shms-zdyf0255);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项课题"西南地区钾肥高效利用与替代技术研究"(201203013-5)

摘　　要：【目的】研究九叶青花椒叶片矿质营养元素主要物候期动态变化规律,为花椒树体的营养诊断和科学施肥提供依据。【方法】以10年生九叶青花椒叶片为试验材料,采用凯氏定氮法、钼锑抗分光光度法、AAS和姜黄素比色法,测定主要物候期(开花授粉期、坐果期、果实膨大期和果实成熟期)结果枝成熟叶片中N、P、K、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等元素含量。【结果】花椒叶片叶中大、中量矿质营养元素含量顺序为N>Ca>K>Mg>P,随物候期进程N、P、K含量整体呈逐步降低趋势,Ca含量上升,而Mg含量则先上升后下降趋势。微量元素含量顺序为Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu,随物候期进程Fe元素呈明显的上升-下降-上升变化,Mn和B含量稳步上升,B含量在果实膨大期略有降低,Cu和Zn含量呈下降趋势,锌含量波幅较大。九叶青花椒叶片中各矿质营养元素间存在促进和拮抗作用。不同物候期叶片对养分元素的吸收表现各异,开花授粉期对N、P、K、Ca、Fe、Mg需求量大,坐果期和果实膨大期对N、P、K、Zn、B需求量较大,果实发育期对K、Ca、Mn的吸收持续增加。【结论】坐果期(4月底到5月初),各种矿质营养元素处于一个相对稳定、波动平稳的时期,此期可以作为九叶青花椒营养诊断采样的适宜时期,同时建议施肥以N、K、Ca、P肥为主,B、Zn、Mg肥为辅,在花椒开花授粉和坐果期适当补充追肥。【Objective】The present paper aims to study the dynamic changes of the mineral elements in leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum V.novemfolius main phenological period and provide a scientific basis for tree nutrition diagnosis and reasonable fertilization in future.【Method】The adult Zanthoxylum armatum V. novemfolius（10 years old seedling trees） leaves＇ ten elements（ N,P,K,Mg,Ca,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B） by the Kjeldahl method,Molybdenum-Antimony Anti-Spectrophotometric Method,atomic absorption and curcumin colorimetry were tested.【Result】The contents of macro-elements in leaves were N Ca K Mg P. The content of N,P and K overall showed a gradual downward trend,while the content of Ca overall showed a gradual upward trend. The content of Mg overall showed first increasing after the downward trend. The contents of micro-elements in leaves were Fe Mn B Zn Cu. The content of Fe fluctuated noticeable large,and showed up-down-up trend. The content of Mn and B showed a gradual upward trend,while B decreased slightly at the later stage. The content of Cu and Zn overall showed a gradual downward trend,and the fluctuation of Zn was noticeable large. The results showed promotion or antagonism among the mineral elements. The leaves＇ absorption of elements had obvious difference： The demand for N,P,K,Ca,Fe and Mg in flowering and pollination period was high,and the demand for N,P,K,Zn and B in fruit setting period and fruit expanding period was large. The absorption of K,Ca,Mn continued to increase during the growth period. 【Conclusion】The appropriate period for analyzing the standards of nutrition diagnosis in Zanthoxylum armatum V. novemfolius leaves is from the end of April to early May,which was a variety of mineral nutrients in a relatively stable,stable period of time. It is recommended that N,K,Ca and P-based fertilizer,B,Zn,Mg fertilizer,supplemented by pepper flowering pollination and fruit-setting appropriate to add top-dressing.

关 键 词：九叶青花椒 叶片 物候期 矿质营养元素 动态变化 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]