塔里木灌区农业气候资源动态变化对膜下滴灌棉花种植的影响  

The Influence of the Dynamic Change of Agricultural Climate Resources on the Cotton Cultivation Under Drip Irrigation in Tarim Irrigation Area

作　　者：吴家林[1] 曹琦[1] 赵雪薇 王宏艳 牛建龙[1] Wu Jialin;Cao Qi;Zhao Xuewei;Wang Hongyan;Niu Jianlong(College of Plant Science,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 84330)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2018年第2期17-23,共7页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：塔里木大学大学生创新训练项目(2016005);塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKQN201602);棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2016A12);国家自然科学基金项目(41561068;31260140;31371582)

摘　　要：根据塔里木灌区-阿拉尔垦区1987~2014年逐日地面气象数据和2000~2014年逐年平均皮棉产量数据,运用统计学方法分析了塔里木灌区-阿拉尔垦区农业气候资源的动态变化对膜下滴灌棉花种植的影响。结果表明:(1)1987年后,塔里木灌区-阿拉尔垦区年平均气温、年平均最低气温和年降水量呈减少趋势,减幅分别为0.063℃/10 a(p<0.01)、0.115℃/10 a(p<0.01)和0.054 mm/10 a(p>0.05);年平均最高气温和年日照时数呈增加趋势,增幅分别为0.263℃/10 a(p>0.05)和57.9 h/10 a(p﹤0.01)。(2)1987年后,塔里木灌区-阿拉尔垦区四季气温呈"春暖―夏暖―秋冷―冬冷"的动态变化;降水量呈"春多―夏少―秋多―冬多"的动态变化;日照时数均呈增加趋势,春、秋季增幅较大。(3)塔里木灌区-阿拉尔垦区膜下滴灌棉花产量的增幅与≥12℃终日的提前和≥12℃持续天数的延长有关,与≥12℃初日的提前关系不明显;与春季生育期平均气温、平均最高气温的降低和日照时数增加有关,与夏季生育期平均最高气温的升高有关,与其它不同生育期气候要素关系不明显。Based on the meteorological date from 1987 to 2014 and lint yield from 2000 to 2014 in Alar irrigation area,the influence of the change of agricultural climate resources on the cotton cultivation under drip irrigation were analyzed with statistical method in the Alar irrigation area.The result shows that：（1） The annual average air temperature,annual average minimum air temperature and precipitation are reducing,and the damping are 0.063 ℃/10 a（p0.01）,0.115 ℃/10 a（p0.01） and 0.054 mm/10 a（P〈0.05） respectively;The annual average maximum air temperature and annual are increasing with the and growth of 0.263 ℃/10 a（P〈0.05） and 57.9 h/10 a（p ﹤ 0.01） after 1987 respectively.（2） The four season air temperature appears the trends of spring warming-summer warming-autumn cooling-winter cooling,and for the precipitation performs spring increasing-summer reducing-autumn increasing-winter increasing,the sun shine hours is increasing,with higher growth in spring and autumn in Alar irrigation area.（3） The increased yield of cotton is correlated with the advanced end of ≥12 ℃ data and and extended of ≥12 ℃ duration,and is very little correlated with the advanced of ≥12 ℃ initial data;And it is correlated with the increased average air temperature,average maximum air temperature and sun shines hours in spring growth period,and it is related with increased maximum air temperature in summer growth period,and there are very little relationship with others climate elements in different growth period in Alar irrigation area.

关 键 词：塔里木灌区 农业气候资源 棉花 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]