南海台风引发藻华的生物机制  

Biological mechanisms of typhoon-induced blooms in the South China Sea

作　　者：张亚锋 王旭涛 殷克东 ZHANG Yafeng;WANG Xutao;YIN Kedong(School of Marine Science,SunYat-Sen University,Gaangzhou 510006,China;Scientific Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Protection,Gaangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学海洋科学学院,广州510006 [2]珠江水资源保护科学研究所,广州510000

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第16期5667-5678,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(91328203);国家自然科学基金--广东联合基金(U1701247)

摘　　要：海洋浮游植物的生长和小型浮游动物的摄食,与温度、光照和营养盐等因素密切相关。中国南海海盆是层化结构稳定的寡营养海,然而每年台风过后都有大量藻华的报道。为了探究台风引发藻华的生物形成机制,通过南海海域表层和次表层叶绿素最大层(DCM)中的小型浮游动物的摄食活动以及浮游植物对光照和营养响应的现场实验,探究小型浮游动物摄食、光照和营养对海洋浮游植物生长和群落结构的调控作用。实验表明:1)表层水体中的小型浮游动物摄食速率明显大于DCM层;小型浮游动物摄食在表层水体中以大粒级的浮游植物(>5μm)为主,在DCM层中没有明显粒级选择;自然光中的紫外线能增加小型浮游动物的摄食;营养盐添加轻微降低小型浮游动物的摄食。2)营养盐和光照的增强显著促进DCM层浮游植物的生长,并增加大粒级浮游植物的占比;而光照和营养盐变化对表层浮游植物的生长和粒级结构的改变相对不明显。因此,相对表层,深层浮游植物面临较小的摄食压力,拥有更大的光照和营养盐需求潜能;当台风引发水体垂向混合后,获得营养盐补充的表层浮游植物并不能迅速生长,而获得充足光照的深层浮游植物能迅速生长,成为藻华爆发的优势种。Phytoplankton growth and micro-zooplankton grazing are regulated by temperature, nutrients, and light in the ocean. Because of the different vertical distributions of light and nutrients, there is often a deep chlorophyll maximum （DCM） layer in the water column, which is widespread and almost a permanent ecological structure in the tropical oligotrophic ocean because of the stable stratification of the water column. Most parts of the South China Sea （SCS） are oligotrophic with strong underwater irradiance and low surface layer nutrients due to the stratification. The nutrient level is too low to support a phytoplankton bloom in the surface water, however, there are numerous reports of bloom events in the SCS after typhoonsevery year. It is commonly accepted that vertical mixing can weaken the nutricline and bring deep nutrient-rich waters to the euphotic zone, fueling phytoplankton blooms in the euphotic zone. However, few studies have compared the responses of phytoplankton and micro-zooplankton to the fluctuations of light intensity and pulses of nutrients simultaneously. In this study, an incubation experiment was conducted in the basin of the SCS during a cruise to compare the responses of surface and DCM phytoplankton to elevated irradiance and nutrients. Additionally, dilution experiments in different nutrient and irradiance conditions with surface and DCM water samples were conducted to explore micro-zooplankton grazing activity and their roles in the surface and DCM layers. We hypothesized that the DCM phytoplankton could be the seed population when the deep water is mixed upward with the surface layer in the case of a typhoon due to the changes in irradiance and micro-zooplankton grazing activity. The experimental results showed 1） micro-zooplankton grazing rates in the surface water were significantly higher than those in the DCM, and micro-zooplankton in the surface layer preferred the large size phytoplankton （〉5 μm）, whereas there was no such size selection in the DCM layer; UVR coul

关 键 词：浮游植物 小型浮游动物 藻华 光照 营养盐 南海 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]