2016年北京市诺如病毒感染暴发疫情流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of the norovirus infection outbreaks in Beijing in 2016

作　　者：蔡伟[1] 刘丽霞[2] 马宁[2] 应华清[1] 侯威远[1] 赵振[1] 刘锋[1] 韩伟 王建[1] CAI Wei;LIU Li-xia;MA Ning;YING Hua-qing;HOU Wei-yuan;ZHAO Zhen;LIU Feng;HAN Wei;WANG Jian(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Haidian District,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,北京100094 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2018年第4期288-292,共5页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨2016年北京市报告的5起诺如病毒感染暴发疫情的流行病学特征。方法采用统一的调查表对所有疑似病例进行流行病学调查;开展现场卫生学调查并采集典型病例及部分密切接触者、病例关联性餐饮人员等人群粪便标本或呕吐物标本,采用RT-PCR法对标本进行诺如病毒核酸检测。采用χ2检验对疫情的流行病学特征进行分析。结果 5起诺如病毒感染暴发疫情中1起由GⅠ病毒感染导致,4起由GⅡ病毒感染导致;共搜集到疑似病例378例,罹患率为8.67%~84.00%,共搜集实验室诊断病例36例;疫情集中在春季和冬季;不同年龄组的呕吐、腹泻、发热、恶心、腹痛等5种症状统计结果差异有统计学意义;5起疫情中有3起由食物导致暴发的可能性较大,1起不能排除直接人传人导致暴发的可能,1起由某种公用媒介导致暴发的可能性较大。结论北京市2016年诺如病毒感染暴发疫情集中在学校,涵盖了幼儿园到大学所有阶段,是防控工作的重中之重。加强学校食品安全、日常清洁消毒和因病缺勤制度以及病例早发现早报告等是北京市学校诺如病毒感染疫情的防控措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 5 norovirus infection outbreaks in Beijing during year 2016. Methods The patient data were collected using unified questionnaire;stool samples and vomitus samples were collected and RT-PCR was used to detect the gene fragment of calicivirus.Epidemic hygienic investigation and chi-square analysis was done in the study. Results Among 5 outbreaks of norovirus infection public health emergencies,one was identified as GⅠ infection while the other four as GⅡinfections.A total of 378 suspected cases were reported and the attack rate fluctuated between 8.67%and 84.00%.Thirty six laboratory diagnosed cases were found.The epidemic mainly occurred in the spring and winter.The occurrence of 5 symptoms（vomiting,diarrhea,fever,nausea and abdominal pain）were significantly different in different age groups.The suspicious causes of 3 outbreaks were contaminated food spread;2 outbreaks were person-to-person spread and public contamination spread,respectively. Conclusions The norovirus infection outbreaks in Beijing during the year of 2016 mainly occurred in schools from kindergarten to college.More attention should be paid on food safety in schools.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 暴发疫情 防控措施 流行病学 调查 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]