吻合神经的背阔肌皮瓣在小腿严重创伤中的应用  

Latissimus dorsus flap for reconstruction of severe leg trauma

作　　者：王长江 周密 徐建强 杜羽 樊丽洁 张凤军 张树明 Wang Changjiang;Zhou Mi;Xu Jianqiang;Du Yu;Fan Lijie;Zhang Fengjun;Zhang Shuming(Orthopaedic Department,General Hospital of Rocket Force,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京火箭军总医院骨科,100088

出　　处：《中华创伤骨科杂志》2018年第8期679-682,共4页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma

摘　　要：目的 探讨应用背阔肌皮瓣治疗小腿严重创伤的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2011年5月至2016年9月北京火箭军总医院骨科收治的12例小腿严重创伤患者资料,男10例,女2例;年龄22 ～ 54岁,平均37.5岁;开放性骨折按照Gustilo分型：ⅢA型2例,ⅢB型10例;软组织缺损面积15 cm×8cm～35 cm×12cm.应用背阔肌皮瓣覆盖创面,治疗骨感染并重建踝关节背伸功能.2例与胫前血管进行端端吻合,1例于内收肌管部与股血管进行端侧吻合,其余9例均经大隐静脉移植,与旋股外降支血管进行吻接,移植血管长度平均为32 cm.胸背神经与腓总神经运动支吻合10例,与股外侧肌运动支吻合2例.术后通过观察软组织缺损的修复、感染的控制水平、以踝关节中立位主动背曲活动范围评价疗效.结果 所有患者术后获1～6年（平均3.5年）随访.12例皮瓣均成活良好,骨折愈合,肌力3～4级,保肢成功且肢体功能良好.2例GustiloⅢA型骨折患者清创后分别存在5 cm×3 cm及6cm×3 cm骨外露,均采用背阔肌皮瓣消灭创面.踝关节中立位主动背屈活动范围从术前平均10.5°增加至术后19.1°.结论 应用背阔肌皮瓣治疗小腿严重创伤,能同时修复皮肤缺损、控制感染,有助于骨愈合并能同时重建踝关节功能,具有手术次数少、保肢成功率高、肢体功能恢复好等优点.Objective To report the clinical outcomes of latissimus dorsus flap used to reconstruct severe trauma on lower leg.Methods From May 2011 to September 2016,12 patients were treated for severe trauma on lower leg at Orthopaedic Department,General Hospital of Rocket Force.They were 10 men and 2 women,aged from 22 to 54 years （average,37.5 years）.According to the Gustilo classification,their open fractures were of type ⅢA in 2 cases and of type ⅢB in 10.The areas of soft tissue defect ranged from 15 cm × 8 cm to 35 cm × 12 cm.Their wounds were covered with latissimus dorsus flaps;the dorsal expansion of the ankle joint was reconstructed after their bone infection was controlled.Two flaps were anastomosed directly to the anterior tibial vessels and one flap to the femoral vessels.The other 9 flaps were anatomosed to the lateral circumflex femoral artery,bridging with the greater saphenous vein （average length：32 cm）.Ten flaps were neuroanatomosed with the motor branch of common peroneal nerve and 2 with the motor branch of vastus lateralis.The therapeutic outcomes were evaluated in terms of repair of soft tissue defects,control of infection and range of active dorsal flexion of the ankle at neutral position.Results The 12 patients were followed up for an average of 3.5 years （from 1 to 6 years）.All the 12 flaps survived and infections were eradicated.The fractures were healed with muscle strength of grade 3 to grade 4.Their ankle extension was reconstructed.Their limbs were preserved with satisfactory limb function.The bone exposures of 5 cm × 3 cm and 6 cm × 3 cm in area after debridement respectively in 2 cases of Gustilo type ⅢA were covered with latissimus dorsus flaps.The range of active dorsal flexion of the ankle at neutral position increased from preoperative 10.5° to postoperative 19.1° on average.Conclusion In treatment of severe trauma on lower leg,latissimus dorsus flaps can be used to repair skin wound,control infection and reconstruct ankle function simultaneously,with advantage

关 键 词：外科皮瓣 创伤和损伤 小腿 神经 

分 类 号：R687.3[医药卫生—骨科学]