我国农业机械化系统机构创新效率的时空演变及比较分析  

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Comparative Analysis of Mechanism Innovation Efficiency in Agricultural Mechanization System

作　　者：王维薇 李平[3] 张俊飚 Wang Weiwei;Li Ping;Zhang Junbiao(Agricultural Economic and Technological Research Institute of Hubei Agricultural Science Academy,Wuhan 430064,China;Hubei Center for Rural Development Research of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;School of Economics and Management of Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院农业经济技术研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学湖北农村发展研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]湖北工业大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2018年第15期77-84,共8页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"利益协同目标下农业科技共同体研发福利效应测度及其增进策略研究"(71503074);湖北省科技厅软科学研究项目"湖北现代农业科技体系协同创新绩效及其长效机制研究"(2016ADC040);湖北省教育厅人文青年项目"农业供给侧改革背景下湖北农业机械装备低碳化创新路径研究"(17Q065);湖北农村社会管理创新研究中心项目"家庭农场的农机需求调查"(HNC2016007)

摘　　要：为明确我国农业机械化(简称农机化)系统科技创新绩效,借助相关统计资料,全面阐述我国农机化系统机构运行状况,并基于数据包络分析(DEA)实证总体及各地区农机化系统机构科技创新效率。主要结论有:(1)我国多类型农机化系统机构得到一定程度精简,其中基层机构和人员降幅更大;农机化科研和推广培训投入占农机化总投入很小,基本在1.6%以下徘徊,农机化系统机构投入与产出呈现明显的"多者更多"的马太效应。(2)农机化系统机构技术有效年份较少,技术无效年份更多受纯技术效率无效影响;农机化系统机构创新技术效率损失明显,不同地区表现差异较大,即使同一地区技术效率波动也较频繁。(3)地区农机化系统机构创新技术效率均较低,其中华北、东北和西北地区的技术无效程度最高,华东、华中和华南地区稍好;地区技术效率波动明显,华北、东北、西北地区与其他地区创新技术效率差距拉大。基于研究结论提出几点启示。In order to clarify the scientific and technological innovation performance of agricultural mechanization （agri-mechanization） system in China （ excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan ） , with the help of relevant statistical data, this paper comprehensively expounds the running situation of agri-mechanization system organization in China, demonstrates the general and regional efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of agri- mechanization system based on data envelopment analysis （DEA）. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） many types of agri-mechanization institutions in China have been reduced to a certain extent, among which grass-roots institutions and personnel have declined even more, and agri-mechanization scientific research and extension training inputs account for a small proportion of the total investment in agri-mechanization, which basically hovers below 1.6%, the input and output of agri-mechanization system showed the Matthew effect of ＂more than more＂. （2） The effective year of agri-mechanization system in China is less, and the year of technical invalidation is more affected by pure technical efficiency, the loss of innovation technology efficiency of agri-mechanization system among provinces is obvious, and the performance of different provinces varies greatly, even in the same province, technical efficiency fluctuates more frequently. （3） The technical innovation efficiencies of agri-mechanization system in various regions of China are low, and the degrees of technical inefficiency in north, northeast and northwest regions are the highest, and that in east, central and south regions are better; the technical efficiencies fluctuate obviously in different regions, and the gap between north, northeast, northwest and other regions is widening. Based on the conclusions of the study, several enliv.htenments are put forward.

关 键 词：农业结构调整 现代农业 科技创新 农业机械化系统机构 创新效率 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济] F224