0920号超强台风“卢碧”引起的强海上大气波导成因分析与数值模拟研究  

Mechanism analysis and numerical simulation of strong marine typhoon duct caused by super typhoon "Lupit"(2009)

作　　者：胡昊[1] 费建芳 丁菊丽 王挺 黄小刚 程小平 袁炳 HU Hao;FEI Jianfang;DING Juli;WANG Ting;HUANG Xiaogang;CHENG Xiaoping;YUAN Bing(31110 Troops of PLA,Nanjing 210016,China;College of Meteorology and Oceanography,National University of De fence Technology,Nanjing 211101,China;Air Force Meteorology Center,Beijing 100843,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军31110部队,南京210016 [2]国防科技大学气象海洋学院,南京211101 [3]空军气象中心,北京100843

出　　处：《气象学报》2018年第4期620-634,共15页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41775017、41205004、41405009、41505082)、973项目(2015CB45280).

摘　　要：基于中国台湾地区主持的侵台台风之飞机侦察及下投式探空仪观测实验(Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region,DOTSTAR)获得的高分辨率下投式探空仪探测资料,分析了2003年9月—2012年8月所有发生在中国台湾地区附近海域的台风型大气波导事件,遴选出一次由0920号超强台风"卢碧"引起的强台风型海上大气波导过程作为研究对象。利用欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)再分析资料(水平分辨率0.125°×0.125°),对此次波导的生成原因进行了分析;基于WRF模式比较了不同初始化方法对台风强度、尺度和周围台风型大气波导的模拟能力。结果表明,此次强台风型大气波导发生在台风环流西北侧外围的弱下沉运动区,其形成与850 hPa高度附近北方强干空气平流导致湿度随高度锐减密切相关。在数值模拟中运用台风动力初始化方法,可以有效改进台风强度、路径和尺度的模拟效果,进而有利于改善台风型大气波导尤其是波导层所在高度的模拟效果。台风外围出现的大气波导通常以悬空波导为主,模拟效果与台风螺旋雨带和内核尺度的模拟关系密切,而与台风强度和眼墙结构关系不大。中尺度数值模式WRF具有模拟台风型大气波导的能力,是研究台风型大气波导的有力手段。Based on the high-resolution global positioning system （GPS） dropsonde data from Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near Taiwan Region （DOTSTAR）, ducts induced by tropical cyclones （TC duets） over the ocean near Taiwan from September 2003 to August 2012 are analyzed. A typical case of strong ducts induced by super typhoon ＂l.upit＂ （2009） is selected for further research. The mechanism for these strong ducts is diagnosed first based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF） reanalysis data （horizontal resolution of 0. 125~：x： 0. 125~）. Using the WRF model, two initialization schemes are compared in terms of their abilities in simulating the TC intensity, inner-core size and TC ducts. These strong TC ducts are largely formed in the weak subsidence area on the northwestern periphery of the typhoon. Their formation is mainly caused by the sharp decrease of moisture with altitude, which is resulted from the strong southward dry advection near 850 hPa. The TC dynamical initialization （DI） scheme used in WRF model improves the simulation of T（＂ in- tensity, track and inner-core size, which subsequently leads to better simulation of TC ducts especially their heights. Moreo ver, ducts formed outside the TC are mainly elevated ducts. Their simulations are mainly associated with the simulation of the TC spiral rainband and inner-core size, whereas the simulation of TC intensity and eye wall structure have little impact. Final ly, the WRF model is capable of simulating TC ducts and producing high-resolution data. Thereby, it is a robust tool for lhc study of TC ducts.

关 键 词：大气波导 台风 数值模拟 动力初始化 

分 类 号：P406[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]