生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处理后浸出液中危险成分最高容许浓度研究  

Pursuit of the maximally allowable concentration of the toxic substances in MSWI flyash leachates through harmless disposal

作　　者：郭庶[1] 谭海萍 黄俊明[2] 李庆[2] 李欣[2] 李良忠[1] 张宗尧[1] 青宪[1] 石小霞[1] 韩静磊[1] GUO Shu;TAN Hai-ping;HUANG Jun-ming;LI Qing;LI Xin;LI Liang-zhong;ZHANG Zong-yao;QING Xian;SHI Xiao-xia;HAN Jing-lei(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment,Environment South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Guangzhou 510535,China;Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 511430,China)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所、国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室,广州510535 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广州511430

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第4期1478-1483,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0206204);广东省自然科学基金项目(2015A030313002);广州市环保局污染防治新技术新工艺研究开发项目;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(PM-zx703-201607-226)

摘　　要：为提出生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处理后浸出液中危害成分最高容许浓度的参考标准,对有代表性的生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化产品浸出液中的危害成分质量浓度进行了检测,并根据GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》及GB 8797—1996《污水综合排放标准》中规定的主要危险成分最高容许质量浓度配制不同溶液,通过小鼠急性经口毒性试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/回复突变试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验及小鼠细胞染色体畸变试验,对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化产品浸出液中危害成分可能达到最高容许质量浓度时的毒性进行了研究。结果表明,生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化产品浸出液中总铬质量浓度为0.032 mg/L,六价铬质量浓度为0.027 mg/L,钡质量浓度为0.64 mg/L,而铜、铅、镉等其他危险成分均未检出,危险成分质量浓度远低于GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》、GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》及GB8797—1996《污水综合排放标准》。根据相关标准配置的溶液各组毒理试验结果均为阴性。生活垃圾焚烧飞灰经无害化处理后浸出液毒性降低。为规范飞灰的资源化利用,提出生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处理后浸出液中危险成分最高容许质量浓度可参考GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》或GB 8797—1996《污水综合排放标准》执行。The present paper is inclined to investigate the maximally allowable concentration（ MAC） reference criteria of the harmful compounds in the flyash leachate due to the municipal solid waste incineration（ MSWI）. The said flyash leachate has been treated in accordance with the standard solid waste extraction procedure for the leaching toxicity-sulphuric acid nitric acid（ HJ/T 299—2007） with the concentration of the chief harmful elements detected and controlled. In addition,we have also treated the solutions of the 3 different concentrations in accordance with the MAC specified in the standards for the pollution control on the landfill site of the municipal solid waste（ GB16889—2008） and the integrated sewage discharge standard（ GB8978—1996）. At the same time,we have also arranged the acute oral toxicity test for the mouse,the rat Salmonella typhimurium/back mutation test,the mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test and the mouse cell chromosome aberration test jointly to detect the toxicity of the solutions described above. The results of our experiments have shown that the concentrations of Cr,Cr6 ＋and Ba are equal to 0. 032 mg/L,0. 027 mg/L and 0. 64 mg/L,respectively,though none of the other metallic elements,such as Cu,Cd,and Pb,has been detected. At the same time,the 3 groups of solutions have been found of acute orally toxic of LD50 〉10000 mg/kg bw. What is more,both of the rat Salmonella typhimurium/back mutation test and the mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test reveal that no significant difference can be found in the doses of the said 3 solutions and the negative control group（ p〉 0. 05）. Thus,it can be concluded that,comparing the chromosomal aberrations of 100 metaphase cells in each dose group（ 20μL/m L,10 μL/m L,5 μL/m L,and 2. 5 μL/m L） and the negative control group of the 3 groups of solutions,no statistically significant difference（ p 〉0. 05） can be found between each positive dose group and the negative

关 键 词：环境工程学 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化 浸出液 最高容许浓度 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]