独流减河流域污染现状及空间分布特征  

Pollution spatial distributive features of the Duliujian River Basin

作　　者：刘琼琼[1] 张彦[1] 王妍溪 邵晓龙[1] 邢美楠[1] LIU Qiong-qiong;ZHANG Yah;WANG Yan-xi;SHAO Xiao-long;XING Mei-nan(Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市环境保护科学研究院

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第4期1573-1579,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07203-011)

摘　　要：为进一步明确流域主要污染物负荷及负荷贡献,解析流域污染的优先控制区域、重点污染源及其空间分布特征,基于数字高程模型（DEM）,应用Arc Map的拓展模板Arc Hydro tools软件,进行独流减河流域河流水文分析及汇流计算,划分控制单元和子流域。在此基础上,估算独流减河流域点源和农业非点源COD、TN、TP和NH3-N四种污染物的排放量和入河量。利用SPSS和GIS软件对污染排放强度进行聚类分析及空间解析,解析出流域污染的优先控制区域、重点污染源及其空间分布特征。结果表明：独流减河流域农业非点源COD、NH_3-N、TN、TP入河量分别为5 036 t、574 t、1 374 t和232 t,点源COD、NH_3-N、TN、TP入河量分别为2 204 t、299 t、461 t和16 t;流域农村生活、农田种植、污水处理厂、水产养殖、直排企业和畜禽养殖6类污染源中,农村生活是首要控制来源,贡献率为25.58%,其次为农田种植,贡献率为20.16%;流域内子牙河是独流减河流域污染排放量最大的水系,其次是南运河、青静黄排水渠、运东排干;流域上游子牙河、南运河、青静黄排水渠、运东排干等子流域为整个流域非点源污染的敏感区和优先控制区,流域内西部和西南部污染物排放处于较高的等级,而流域北部和东部污染物排放量较小,处于较低的污染等级;在独流减河流域划分的污染类型中,以综合污染型面积最大,为1 708 km2,占整个流域总面积的47.24%。The present paper is to devote itself to an analysis and identification of the seriousness of the pollution situation of the main pollution control zones of Duliujiang River Basin and the spatial distribution features of the major pollutants via the digital elevation model（ DEM） and Arc Map Arc Hydro tools. At the same time. we have also made an investigation and estimation of the hydrological status-in-situ of the river basin and the contamination of the control zones and the basin-surrounding areas. It is just starting from the above said research goals that we have made efforts to clarify the discharge amounts and the river contributive amounts of COD,TN,TP and ammonia from the aforementioned pollution sources（ the direct pollution from the pollutant—emission enterprises and the pollution brought about by the sewage treatment plants） and the 4 major non-point pollution sources（ the crop-farming resulted pollution,the livestock-introduced pollution,the rural life introduced pollution,etc.） of the river basin. And,later,we have done the cluster analysis of SPSS and the spatial analysis of GIS of the main control zones and the spatial features of the major pollutants. The results of our investigation and analysis indicate that the amounts of the non-point source of COD,NH3-N,TN and TP tend to contribute to the river basin pollution are so great as up to 5 036 t,574 t,1 374 t and 232 t whereas it would be possible for the point sources to reach 2 204 t,299 t,461 t and 16 t,respectively. Of all the 6 pollutant sources,including the rural life pollution,the farmland planting pollution,the pollutants from the sewage treating plants,the aquicultural pollution,the directly emitted pollutants from the industrial enterprises and the livestock-farming pollutants,the rural life left-over pollutants have statistically been contributed so great a rate of 25. 58% of the chief pollutant source whereas the leftover of the farming crop land pollutants may rank the second,which accounts for about 20. 16%. To be accu

关 键 词：环境工程学 独流减河流域 控制单元 子流域划分 空间解析 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]