U形渠道三角剖面堰数值模拟与水力性能探究  

Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Characteristics of Triangular Profile Weir for U Shape Channel

作　　者：柳双环 张敏[1] 陈超飞 马孝义[1] LIU Shuang-huan;ZHANG Min;CHEN Chaolfei;MA Xiao-yi(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2018年第8期108-113,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503124);国家自然科学基金项目(51279167)

摘　　要：为探究U形渠道三角剖面堰量水的可靠性及其水力特性,以更好地进行灌区科学化管理,合理分配水量。基于堰流原理,通过Fluent 6.3软件,采用VOF方法和RNG k-ε湍流模型对U形渠道三角剖面堰进行三维数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行分析。对不同流量工况下沿程水面线,流速分布,佛劳德数以及水头损失进行探究分析,得到水面线在量水堰处急剧下降,同时流速增大。水流流态从缓流到急流再恢复成缓流,临界流出现在堰顶处,且最大水头损失不超过上游总水头的13%,理论分析发现各项水力特性均符合经典水力学基本原理。建立流量公式并比较分析计算流量,模拟流量和渠道流量,最大误差为13.86%,最小误差为0.03%,基本符合灌区量水堰测流的精度。In order to study the flow measurement reliability and hydraulic characteristics of triangular profile weir for U-shape-channel to better carried out scientific management and rational allocation of water in irrigation area, based on the principle of weir flow and the Fluent 6.3 software, VOF method and RNG k-ε turbulence model is used to conduct the three-dimensional numerical simulation of U-shape-channel triangular profile weir, and the simulation results is analyzed. Through analyzing the water surface and velocity distribution, Froude number and the head loss under different flow conditions, it is found that the water surface line in the weir declines sharply, while the velocity is increased; the flow pattern changes from the tranquil flow to the rapid flow and again to tranquil flow; the critical flow appears in the top of weir and the maximum water head loss is less than 13% of the total head. The theoretical analysis shows that the hydraulic characteristics are accorded with the principle of classical hydraulics. A flow formula is established and the calculation flow, simulation flow and channel flow are compared, and the results show that the maximum error is 13.86% and the minimum error is 0.03%, which can meet with the accuracy of the weir flow measurement in irrigation districts.

关 键 词：U形渠道 三角剖面堰 量水 水力特性 数值模拟 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]