鸡基因组育种和保种用SNP芯片研发及应用  

Development of Genome-wide SNP Genotyping Arrays for Chicken Breeding and Conservation

作　　者：刘冉冉[1] 赵桂苹[1] 文杰[1] LIU Ranran;ZHAO Guiping;WEN Jie(Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国家禽》2018年第15期1-6,共6页China Poultry

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2015BAD03B03);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-41);中国农业科学院创新工程(ASTIP-2016-IAS-04)

摘　　要：全基因组SNP变异检测是开展基因组育种(Genomic selection)和准确度量群体遗传多样性的基础。继国外开发出60 K和600 K鸡SNP芯片后,中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所等单位,针对国产化鸡育种和地方种质资源保护的现状和需求,自主研发出了"京芯一号"55 K SNP芯片等高性价比的检测芯片。芯片特点包括:(1)包含中国地方鸡种特有遗传变异信息,兼顾国外商业化鸡种基因组信息;(2)整合大量的功能基因相关SNP位点;(3)在基因组上均匀分布;(4)密度适中,性价比高等。应用实践证明,鸡基因组SNP芯片在基因组选择育种、种质资源多样性分析、亲缘关系鉴定、基因组关联研究、基因定位等方面可发挥重要作用。文章以"京芯一号"55 K SNP芯片为重点,对鸡全基因组SNP芯片研发和应用的最新进展进行了综述。Detection of genome-wide SNP variants is the basis for accurate evaluation of the genetic diversity and the implementation of genomic selection etc.After the development of the 60 K bead chip and 600 K SNP array mainly for commercial chickens,the 55 K SNP genotyping arrays,eg.Jingxin No.1,have been independently-developed by the Institute of Animal Sciences in CAAS etc.to meet the requirements of the breeding of local chickens and the conservation of the local breeds.The arrays were characteristics of（1） covering typical SNPs of both the native and commercial chicken breeds;（2） introducing large amount of SNPs related to economic traits;（3） evenly covering the whole genome;（4） moderate density and high cost-effective etc.The practice had showed that the arrays had a wide range of application potentials such as breeding with genomic selection,genome-wide association studies and QTL mapping of traits of interest,and investigation of relationship and diversity of different chicken breeds.Here,the R D progress and implementation of genome-wide chicken SNP arrays were reviewed,with the 55 K genotyping SNP arrays,Jingxin No.1,as priority.

关 键 词：鸡 SNP芯片 分子标记 全基因组选择 保种 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]