2015-2016年哈尔滨市大气PM2.5污染与儿童门诊量关系的时间序列研究  

Effects of PM2.5 and hospital visiting of children in Harbin,2015-2016:a time series analysis

作　　者：康真[1] 刘洋[1] 于天一[1] 杨光锦[1] 白宇娜[1] 刘晓波[1] KANG Zhen;LIU Yang;YU Tian-yi;YANG Guang-jin;BAI Yu-na;LIU Xiao-bo(Department of Evironmental Health,Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin Heilongiiang 150056,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,黑龙江哈尔滨150056

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2018年第4期481-484,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省卫计委科研课题(2016-272);哈尔滨科技局科研课题(2014RFQGJ147)

摘　　要：目的初步探讨哈尔滨市空气主要污染物PM2.5浓度对儿童内科疾病和呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响。方法采用广义线性模型,在控制长期趋势、气象因素和其他与时间长期变异有关的混杂因素条件下,分析PM2.5浓度与儿童内科疾病和呼吸系统疾病门诊量的关系。结果 2015-2016年哈尔滨市大气污染物PM2.5的全年日均质量浓度分别为68.79、50.37μg/m^3;哈尔滨市儿童医院日均呼吸系统门诊量霾日高于非霾日,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大气污染物PM2.5浓度与儿童内科疾病和呼吸系统门诊量存在暴露-反应关系;滞后效应分析发现PM2.5污染当天,PM2.5每升高10μg/m3,哈尔滨市儿童医院内科疾病门诊量增加0.32%(95%CI:0.10%~0.53%),呼吸系统门诊量增加0.30%(95%CI:0.05%~0.55%);PM2.5污染滞后第4~6天(lag4-6)均有统计学差异,以滞后4 d(lag4)最为显著,PM2.5每升高10μg/m3,哈尔滨市儿童医院呼吸系统门诊量增加0.41%(95%CI:0.14%~0.69%)。结论哈尔滨市空气污染物PM2.5浓度对儿童内科疾病、呼吸系统疾病门诊量水平有影响。Objective To evaluate the health effect of ambient PM2.5 pollution on internal medicine department and respiratory department visiting of children.Methods Ambient PM2.5 pollution and the morbidity of internal medicine department and respiratory department visiting of children in Harbin in 2015-2016 was described.A time-series analysis on the relationship between PM2.5 and hospital visiting of children was examined by a generalized linear model while controlling time trends,temperature and humidity,the day of a week,holiday and weather condition.Results The concentration of ambient PM2.5 pollution were 68.79 μg/m^3 and 50.37 μg/m^3 in 2015-2016 respectively.The respiratory department visiting of children were increased in haze days（P〈0.05）.In a single-pollutant model,there was a significant exposure-response association between PM2.5 with hospital visiting of children;an increase of 10 μg/m^3 PM2.5 was associated with an increase of internal medicine department and respiratory department visiting of children,and ER were 0.32%（95% CI：0.10%-0.53%） and0.30%（95% CI：0.05%-0.55%） in the same day;there were significant differences between the 4 th and 6 th days（lag 4-6）,and an increase of 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 was associated with an increase of outpatients for respiratory diseases in the 4 th day（lag4）,ER=0.41%（95% CI：0.14%-0.69%）,which showed the most significant influence of PM2.5 on the daily outpatients for respiratory diseases of children.Conclusion The pollution of PM2.5 has adverse effects on internal medicine department and respiratory department visiting of children in Harbin.

关 键 词：PM2.5 儿童内科疾病门诊量 儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊量 广义线性模型 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]