罗布泊盐湖成钾规律研究与找矿进展  

Research on Potash Forming and Exploration Progress in Potash Deposits in the Lop Nur Salt Lake

作　　者：刘成林[1] 焦鹏程[1] 孙小虹[1] 吕凤琳[1,2] 张华[1] LIU Chenglin;JIAO Pengcheng;SUN Xiaohong;LU Fenglin;ZHANG Hua(MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing,100037,China;China University of Geosciences,Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《地质学报》2018年第8期1551-1570,共20页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号40830420,41702097); 国投罗钾科技项目资助

摘　　要：第四纪时期,罗布泊盐湖独特的地理及气候环境形成了世界罕见的巨量钙芒硝沉积及其晶间富钾卤水的大规模聚集成矿。故此,罗布泊盐湖环境演化与钾盐矿床的成因一直备受国内外地质学家关注。罗北超大型卤水钾盐矿床从1995年发现至今已有20余年,其钾盐地质科学研究、勘查开发等均取得了重大进展,并已建成世界最大的硫酸钾肥生产基地。文章详细回顾、总结罗布泊超大型卤水钾矿发现以来的盐湖沉积演化、成钾条件、成钾理论研究及找矿勘查方面的重要成果,探索成矿理论创新与找矿突破的内在规律与联系。罗布泊钾盐成矿研究基本演变是:(1)基于盆地分隔、矿随盆移的概念,发展从"高山深盆"模式到"高山深盆-迁移成矿"模式,取得罗北凹地找矿突破;(2)基于巨量钙芒硝的发现,突破盐湖石盐阶段成钾的"三阶段"模式,提出"二阶段"模式,推动罗北及外围大规模勘查;(3)基于地堑式断陷带的发现,提出"含水墙"成藏模式,使找矿从"水平状"到"直立状"储藏模式转变,取得深部找矿突破等。总之,罗布泊盐湖成钾理论的每次创新认识,相应地带来找矿突破进展;继续深入加强盐湖钾盐矿床形成规律研究,可能还会带来钾盐成矿的新认识,开拓找矿方向。The unique geographic and climatic conditions of Lop Nur during the Quaternary generated the deposition of the world＇ s peculiar glauberite giants and the accumulation of large-scale intercrystalline potassium-rich brine. Therefore, the evolution of saline lake and genesis of brine potash deposits in Lop Nur have attracted widely attention of geologists. It has been over 20 years since the super large-scale brine potash deposits in the Luobei depression was discovered in 1995 and considerable progress has been made in terms of scientific research, investigation and exploitation for potash deposits. And the world＇s largest production base for high quality K2 SO4 fertilizer has been built in Lop Nur. This paper reviews and summarizes the important research results in terms of sedimentary evolution of saline lake, formation conditions and theory, and exploration of potash deposits since the discovery of potash deposits in Lop Nur, with an attempt to understand the relationship of the potash-formation innovation and exploration breakthrough. The theoretical studies for formation of potash deposits in Lop Nur can be summarized as follows： @based on the recognition of basinal separation and ore-migration along with tectonic movement, a model of ＂high mountain-deep basin-tectonic migration＂ was proposed after ＂high mountain-deep basin＂ model, leading to the discovering of the Luobei potash deposits. （~） Based on discovery of enormous glauberite deposit, a ＂three-stage brine-crystallization potash formation＂ model has been reshaped to ＂two- stage potash formation＂ model, leading to the large-scale exploration in Luobei and its surroundings. （~） According to the discovery of graben-type fault-subsidence zone, the ＂brine-bearing wall＂ model for reservoir formation was established, guiding prospecting in ＂vertical reservoir＂ from ＂horizontal reservoir＂, which has resulted in discovery of the deep brine aquifer. In summary, each theoretic innovation of potash formation in Lop Nur has

关 键 词：罗布泊 卤水钾矿 成钾条件 成钾模式 深部钾盐 钾盐找矿 

分 类 号：P619.211[天文地球—矿床学]