三体模型下二维平面地月转移轨道设计与特性分析  

Design and Characteristics Analysis of Planar Trans-lunar Trajectory in Three-body Model

作　　者：彭坤[1] 孙国江[1] 杨雷[1] 徐明[2] 奉振球 PENG Kun1 , SUN Guojiang1 ,YANG Lei1 ,XU Ming2,FENG Zhenqiu1(1. Institute of Manned Space System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China; 2. School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院载人航天总体部,北京100094 [2]北京航空航天大学宇航学院,北京100191

出　　处：《载人航天》2018年第4期479-487,共9页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天预先研究项目(010201)

摘　　要：为提高地月转移轨道搜索速度和提供精确的初值猜测,在三体模型下研究了双脉冲地月转移轨道的快速设计方法及其轨道特性。首先基于三体模型建立了地心旋转系下地月转移轨道系统模型,选择物理意义明显的地月转移加速速度增量和地心旋转系对准角作为控制变量;其次在二体模型假设下给出控制变量的初值估计方法,提出了不同运行方向地月转移轨道的搜索策略,并采用序列二次规划算法对4种类型地月转移轨道进行求解,分析其控制变量差异;最后分析了转移时间、近地点高度和近月点高度对地月转移轨道的影响,以及月球引力对二体模型下初值估计的修正量。仿真结果表明,本文提出的设计方法能快速准确地搜索出指定类型的地月转移轨道,同时其轨道特性分析结论可为后续月球探测任务地月转移轨道选择提供依据。To improve the speed of trans-lunar trajectory search and provide the accurate initial val-ue guess, the fast design method and the orbital characteristics of two-impulse trans-lunar trajectory were studied in this paper. First, the system model of trans-lunar trajectory in geocentric rotating frame was established based on the three-body model, and the velocity increment of trans-lunar in-jection and alignment angle in geocentric rotating frame were selected as the control variables, which had explicit physical meanings. Then, an initial estimation method for control variables was given based on the hypothesis of two-body model, and a search strategy for trans-lunar trajectories with dif-ferent moving directions were proposed. Sequential quadratic programming algorithm was applied to solve four types of trans-lunar trajectories and the variations of the control variables were analyzed. In the end, the influences of the transfer time, the perigee altitude and the perilune altitude on trans-lunar trajectory were analyzed, and the corrections of two-body model initial values caused by lunar gravity were derived. The simulation results showed that the proposed design method could rapidly and accurately search the specified type of trans-lunar trajectory, and the obtained trajectory characteristics could provide references for trans-lunar trajectory selection in future lunar exploration missions.

关 键 词：三体模型 地月转移轨道 初值估计 序列二次规划 转移时间 

分 类 号：V412.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]