1961—2016年吉林省气候季节的演变特征  

Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the four seasons in Jilin province during 1961-2016

作　　者：于秀晶[1] 胡靖彪 张晨琛[1] 李栋梁[3] YU Xiu-jing1, HU Jing-biao2 ,ZHANG Chen-chen1, LI Dong-liang3(1.Jilin Province Climate Center, Changchun 130062, China; 2. Jilin Weather Modification office, Changchun 130062 ,China; 3. College of Atmospheric Science,Nanjing University of information Science ＆ Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省气候中心,吉林长春130062 [2]吉林省人工影响天气办公室,吉林长春130062 [3]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2018年第4期105-111,共7页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF-201710);国家公益性(气象)行业专项(GYHY201506001-1);国家公益性(气象)行业专项(GYHY 201406001)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1961—2016年吉林省46个代表气象站逐日平均气温观测资料,根据《气候季节划分(QX/T-2012)》分析吉林省春季、夏季、秋季、冬季的初始日期和四季长度的变化趋势,揭示吉林省气候季节对区域气候变化的响应。结果表明:1961—2016年吉林省春季、夏季、秋季、冬季的平均初始日期分别为4月27日、7月8日、8月16日和10月8日,但四季初始日期的空间差异明显,入春日期和入夏日期呈西部地区早、东部地区晚的空间分布特征,而入秋日期和入冬日期则呈东部地区早、西部地区晚的空间分布特征。近56 a来吉林省春季、夏季、秋季、冬季平均长度分别为72.0 d、39.0 d、53.0 d和201.0 d,夏季长度呈西部地区长、东部地区短的空间分布特征,东部部分县市长年无夏,春季和冬季长度呈西部地区短、东部地区长的空间分布特征,全省各地区秋季长度差别较小。近56 a来吉林省入春日期和入夏日期分别以0.7 d/10 a、1.3 d/10 a的气候倾向率提前,入秋日期和入冬日期分别以1.3 d/10 a、1.1 d/10 a的气候倾向率推后。吉林省东部大部地区入春时间显著提前,大部地区入冬时间明显推后。近56 a来吉林省春季和冬季长度分别以1.0 d/10 a、1.8 d/10 a的气候倾向率缩短,夏季长度以2.8 d/10 a的气候倾向率延长,西部县市秋季长度以1.3 d/10 a的气候倾向率缩短,东部县市秋季长度以1.0 d/10 a的气候倾向率延长。可见,吉林省中西部和延边州东部地区夏季长度显著延长,全省大部地区冬季长度显著缩短,东部地区尤为明显。Based on the daily average temperature data from the 46 representative meteorological stations in Jilin province during 1961-2016, the start dates and durations of four seasons and their main properties and change trends were calculated according to climatic division method of seasons. The results show that the regionally averaged values for the beginning dates of each season are April 27, July 8,August 16 and October 8, respectively. The durations for each season are 72. 0 d for spring, 39. 0 d for summer, 53. 0 d for autumn and 201. 0 d for winter. In addition, the spatial distribution characteristics of the above-mentioned factors are obvious. The averaged beginning dates of the first half year are earlier in the west than in the east; however, those in the second half year are earlier in the east than in the west. The average duration of summer is longer in the west than in the east and vice versa for those of spring and winter,while that of autumn has little variation throughout Jilin province. Besides, there is no summer in the east of Jilin province. In the recent 56 years, the regionally averaged beginning dates of spring and summer are ahead of time for 0. 7 d and 1. 3 d per decade, respectively,and those of autumn and winter are postponed for 1. 3 d and 1. 1 d per decade. More specifically, the beginning dates of spring in the east and of winter in most parts of Jilin province change significantly. Moreover, the regionally averaged durations for spring and winter decrease with the rates of 1. 0 d and 1. 8 d per decade, inversely, that for summer increases with a rate of 2. 8 d per decade. The duration of autumn in the west of Jilin province is shortened with a ratio of 1. 3 d per decade,while that of east Jilin is prolonged with a ratio of 1. 0 d per decade. It is obvious that the summer is prolonged in the western and central parts of Jilin province and east Yanbian state,and the winter in the most parts of Jilin province is shortened especially in east Jilin.

关 键 词：四季 初日 季节长度 气候倾向率 

分 类 号：P468.021[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]