1961—2015年吉林省霜时空分布特征及其影响因素  

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and impact factors of the frost over Jilin province from 1961 to 2015

作　　者：任景全[1] 郭春明[1] 王丽伟 李建平[1] 刘玉汐 李琪 REN Jing-quan1, GUO Chun-ming1 ,WANG Li-wei2, LI Jian-ping1, LIU Yu-xi3, LI Qi4(1. Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province ,Changchun 130062 ,China; 2. Jilin Meteorological Information Network Center, Changchun 130062, China; 3. Jilin Meteorological Observatory, Changchun 130062, China; 4. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象科学研究所,吉林长春130062 [2]吉林省气象信息网络中心,吉林长春130062 [3]吉林省气象台,吉林长春130062 [4]江苏省农业气象重点实验室,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2018年第4期119-125,共7页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：吉林省重点科技攻关项目(20150204014NY);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506001);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206018)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1961—2015年吉林省50个气象站霜的观测资料,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验和Morlet小波分析等方法,分析了吉林省霜的时空变化特征及其与气候因子、地理因子的关系。结果表明:1961—2015年吉林省初霜日显著推迟、终霜日显著提前且无霜期显著延长,气候倾向率分别为1.4 d/10 a、-2.2 d/10 a和3.6 d/10 a。初霜日显著推迟的气象站占全省站点总数的58%,终霜日显著提前的气象站占60%,无霜期显著延长的气象站占72%。20世纪60年代吉林省初霜日最早,20世纪70年代终霜日最晚;20世纪70年代无霜期最短,2011—2015年无霜期最长。从空间分布来看,吉林省初霜日自西向东逐渐提前,终霜日自西向东逐渐推迟,无霜期自西向东逐渐缩短。近55 a吉林省终霜日和无霜期分别在2009年、2000年发生突变,初霜日、终霜日和无霜期的主周期均为3 a左右。随着海拔高度和经度升高,初霜日提前,终霜日推迟,无霜期缩短;随着纬度增加,终霜日提前,无霜期延长。吉林省初霜日和无霜期主要受9月气温与0 cm地温影响,终霜日主要受5月气温和0 cm地温影响。Based on the frost observation data of 50 meteorological stations over Jilin Province from 1961 to 2015,the spatial and temporal distributions of the beginning and ending frost date,frost-free period and their relationships with climatic and geographical factors were analyzed using the methods of a linear trend estimation,a Mann-Kendall test and a Morlet wavelet analysis. The results show that the beginning frost date is postponed and the ending frost date occurs earlier. The frost-free period becomes significantly longer. The climatic trend rates for the beginning and ending frost date and frost-free period are 1. 4,-2. 2 and 3. 6 days per decade, respectively. The number of stations with delayed beginning frost date accounts for 58% of the total stations, that of ahead of ending frost date is 60% and that with longer frost-free period is 72% of the total stations. The earliest beginning frost date occurs in1960 s. The latest ending frost date is in 1970 s. The shortest frost-free period appears in the 1970 s and the longest frost-free period happens during 2011-2015. In terms of the spatial distribution, the begining（ ending） frost date and the frost-free period are gradually ahead of time（ postponed） and shortened from the west to the east of Jilin.The time series of the ending frost date and the frost-free period show climatic abrupt changes in 2009 and 2000,respectively. The main cycles of the beginning and the ending frost date and the frost-free period are all about 3 years. In addition, the beginning and ending frost date and the frost-free period are ahead of time,postponed（ ahead of time） and shortened（ prolonged） with the increasing longitude and altitude（ latitude）, respectively. The beginning（ ending） frost date and the frost-free period are mainly affected by the climatic factors in September（ May）, respectively.

关 键 词：初霜日 终霜日 无霜期 气候倾向率 小波分析 

分 类 号：P426.322[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]