大连地区能见度影响因子及个例分析  

The Correlation of Visibility and Meteorological Elements and the Typical Case over Dalian during 2010-2012

作　　者：李潇潇 周婷婷 赵胡笳[3] 朱轶明[4] 刘晓初 张黎红 桑明刚[5] 孙虹雨[5] LI Xiaoxiao;ZHOU Tingting;ZHAO Hujia;ZHU Yiming;LIU Chuxiao;ZHANG Lihong;SANG Minggang;SUN Hongyu(Dalian Meteorological Observatory,Dalian 116001,China;Hefei Environmental Monitoring Center Station,Hefei 230031,China;Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166,China;Weather Modification Office in Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110166,China;Liaoning Meteorological Observatory,Shenyang 110166,China)

机构地区：[1]大连市气象台,辽宁大连116001 [2]合肥市环境监测中心站,安徽合肥230031 [3]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110166 [4]辽宁省人工影响天气办公室,辽宁沈阳110166 [5]辽宁省气象台,辽宁沈阳110166

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2018年第4期65-73,共9页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41605112);辽宁省气象局博士科研专项(D201501)共同资助

摘　　要：为探讨大连市大气能见度特征及其影响因子,揭示低能见度天气成因,利用2010—2012年大连地区大气能见度与地面气象要素(相对湿度、风速、气温、气压)日均值的统计资料,分析了大连地区大气能见度与气象要素的相关性。进一步结合PM_(10)质量浓度的变化特征,分析了两次低能见度事件中的天气成因。结果表明:2010—2012年大连地区年均能见度分别约为13.5 km、13.2 km和13.9 km,高能见度事件多出现在10月—次年2月,低能见度事件多出现在每年6—8月,大连地区低能见度事件每年7月较多,1月较少,2010—2012年大连地区低能见度事件分别出现169、157 d和163 d;2010—2012年PM_(10)质量浓度分别为57.8μg·m^(-3)、67.4μg·m^(-3)和65.9μg·m^(-3),PM_(10)质量浓度高值多出现在每年的4—5月和9—12月,PM_(10)质量浓度低值多出现在1—2月;大气能见度和相对湿度和气温的相关性较好,随着相对湿度的增加,能见度与PM_(10)质量浓度的相关性逐渐减小,当相对湿度大于90%时,能见度与PM_(10)质量浓度相关系数减小至-0.23;两次低能见度事件过程中,2011年10月31日一次辐射平流雾过程中的水汽输送来自西南风气流,2012年4月28日一次浮尘事件过程中的沙尘来自西北方向的沙源。该研究可为空气质量预报提供科学依据参考。In order to explore the characteristics of atmospheric visibility and its influencing factors in Dalian and to reveal the causes of low visibility, the correlation between visibility and the corresponding meteorological elements were analyzed based on the daily data of the visibility and surface meteorological elements （relative humidity, wind speed, air temperature and atmospheric pressure） over Dalian during 2010-2012 in this paper. Furthermore, the two low visibility events has been analyzed combining with the PM1〇 mass concentration. The results show that the visibility over Dalian during 2010-2012 were about 13.5 km, 13.2 km, 13.9 km, respectively; the higher visibility are more appears from October to February of the next year and lower in June-August in Dalian,the low visibility events over Dalian （!/S〈10 km）more happened in July and less in January, the days of low visibility events over Dalian were about 169, 157 and 163 days from 2010 to 2012, respectively; the PMi〇 over Dalian from 2010-2012 were about 57.8 ! g ＊m_3）67.4 ! g ＊m-3, 65.9 ! g ＊m-3, respectively, the higher PM1〇 are more occurs in April to May and September to December while lower in January -February in Dalian; the visibility shows a better correlation with relative humidity and temperature; the correlation coefficient between visibility and PM10 is decreased with the increasing relative humidity and reduced to -0.23 when RH 〉 9 0 % ; during the two low visibility events, the process of fog event on October 31st, 2011 and dust event on April 28th, 2012 points out the water vapor sources from south west and the dust transported from the northwest to Dalian, respectively. These results could provide a reference to the air quality forecast.

关 键 词：大气能见度 气象要素 相关性 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P427.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]